Protests erupt in Abuja as LP supporters rally behind National Chairman

By Uzair Adam Imam

Supporters of Comrade Julious Abure, the National Chairman of the Labour Party (LP), took to the streets of Gudu, Abuja, today to voice their grievances against what they perceive as unwarranted interference by the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) in the affairs of their party.

Dozens of protesters, brandishing placards emblazoned with messages such as “On Abure’s mandate we stand,” “NLC leave Abure alone,” and “Nnawi’ National Convention is valid,” commenced their march from the new Abuja chapter secretariat.

The demonstration follows a recent escalation in tensions between the Nigerian Labour Congress and the leadership of the Labour Party, with the NLC accusing Abure of operating as a sole administrator within the LP. This accusation culminated in the NLC passing a vote of no confidence in Abure’s leadership and demanding his resignation.

The conflict between the two organizations has captured widespread attention and sparked debates regarding the NLC’s authority to intervene in LP’s affairs, as well as the underlying reasons behind their dispute.

Investigations by Vanguard have revealed that the ongoing power struggle between the Julius Abure-led National Working Committee of the Labour Party and the Comrade Joe Ajaero-led Nigeria Labour Congress is jeopardizing the future of the Labour Party itself.

Central to the conflict is the battle for control over the party’s structure, with major stakeholders accusing Abure of treating the LP as his personal fiefdom, an allegation vehemently denied by Abure.

Trouble began brewing for Abure shortly after the 2023 general elections, when some party members, led by Alhaji Lamidi Apapa and Abayomi Arabambi, accused him of financial mismanagement. Subsequent court battles resulted in Abure’s leadership being upheld by the Court of Appeal.

However, fresh turmoil erupted when the party’s former National Treasurer, Ms. Oluchi Oparah, publicly alleged that Abure must be held accountable for over N3.5 billion, purportedly received by the party from the sale of forms and donations during the 2023 elections. Oparah’s outspokenness led to her suspension for six months on grounds of bringing the party’s reputation into disrepute.

Currently, the Abure-led NWC of the LP finds itself at odds not only with the NLC but also with the House of Representatives caucus of the party. This discord stems from Abure’s unilateral decision to proceed with plans for a national convention without soliciting input from party stakeholders.

As tensions continue to mount, the future trajectory of the Labour Party remains uncertain, with the specter of internal strife casting a shadow over its viability as a political entity.

Rwanda reflects on 30 years since genocide

By Uzair Adam Imam

Rwanda paused on Sunday to honor the memory of genocide victims, marking three decades since a brutal campaign orchestrated by Hutu extremists tore through the nation, leaving deep wounds as communities turned against each other in one of the darkest chapters of the 20th century.

The relentless violence, spanning 100 days until the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) rebel militia seized control of Kigali in July 1994, resulted in the deaths of 800,000 individuals, primarily Tutsis but also moderate Hutus.

Despite the immense tragedy, Rwanda has made strides toward stability under the firm leadership of President Paul Kagame, who helmed the RPF.

Nevertheless, the legacy of the atrocities persists, casting a shadow over Africa’s Great Lakes region.Following tradition, ceremonies held on April 7—the day when Hutu militias unleashed terror in 1994—commenced with Kagame lighting a remembrance flame at the Kigali Genocide Memorial, a solemn site believed to hold the remains of over 250,000 victims.

Accompanied by somber melodies played by an army band, Kagame laid wreaths at the mass graves, joined by foreign dignitaries, including several African heads of state and former US President Bill Clinton, who had acknowledged the genocide as a grave failure during his tenure.

The failure of the international community to intervene remains a point of regret, with French President Emmanuel Macron expected to express remorse for France’s and its allies’ inaction, acknowledging they could have halted the bloodshed but lacked the resolve to do so.

Kagame is scheduled to deliver an address at a 10,000-seat arena in the capital, where Rwandans will later gather for a candlelight vigil in remembrance of those lost to the slaughter.

The commemoration marks the beginning of a week-long period of national mourning, during which Rwanda will come to a standstill, with flags flown at half-mast. Public music, sports events, and non-remembrance-related television broadcasts are suspended.The United Nations and the African Union will also hold remembrance ceremonies to honor the victims.

Reflecting on the events, Karel Kovanda, a former Czech diplomat and the first UN ambassador to publicly denounce the 1994 massacres as genocide, emphasized the importance of ensuring that the genocide is never forgotten, asserting that the page cannot be turned on such atrocities.

The genocide, triggered by the assassination of Hutu President Juvenal Habyarimana on April 6, 1994, led to widespread atrocities fueled by virulent anti-Tutsi propaganda disseminated through various media outlets.

Countless individuals were brutally murdered, and tens of thousands of women were subjected to sexual violence.Rwanda has taken steps to address the legacy of the genocide, including establishing community tribunals for victims to confront their perpetrators. However, challenges persist, with hundreds of genocide suspects still at large, some reportedly seeking refuge in neighboring countries.

Despite the passage of time, Rwanda continues to grapple with the wounds inflicted by the genocide, endeavoring to ensure that the horrors of the past are never forgotten while striving to build a future rooted in peace and reconciliation.

EFCC arrests pastor over alleged N3.9 million fraud

By Uzair Adam Imam  

The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) has apprehended a clergyman in Ilorin, Prophet Adeniyi James, on allegations of defrauding a member of his congregation to the tune of N3.9 million. 

James, who serves as the General Overseer of Christ Apostolic Church (CAC), Freedom City Prophetic and Deliverance Ministry in Ilorin, was taken into custody by the Ilorin zonal command of the EFCC on April 2. 

Dele Oyewale, the head of media and publicity for the EFCC, revealed in a statement issued in Ilorin on Saturday, that the arrest came following a petition lodged by the victim, Oluwole Babarinsa.  

Babarinsa recounted in his petition that during a church programme in 2021, James purportedly had a divine revelation about his (Babarinsa’s) imminent travel abroad. 

According to Babarinsa, James engaged him in a conversation about his preferred destination, to which he responded, ‘Canada’.  

Subsequently, James allegedly informed him of a friend in Lagos who could facilitate his relocation to Canada, albeit at a cost of N1.7 million for processing and an additional N2.5 million for flight tickets and travel documents. 

In his quest to fulfil the purported divine directive, Babarinsa resorted to selling some of his assets and taking out loans, ultimately amassing a total of N3,980,000, which he handed over to the prophet.  

However, despite the substantial sum provided, Babarinsa alleged that James failed to fulfil his promises. 

“The petitioner stated that all efforts and entreaties to the suspect to refund his money yielded no positive result,” Oyewale said, relaying Babarinsa’s frustration with the situation. 

The EFCC spokesperson affirmed that following the arrest, investigations into the matter are ongoing, with plans to arraign the suspect in court upon completion of the inquiry.

Harvard Encounters: A day of holistic journey of intellectual exchange and spiritual enrichment

“And another time – you shall see something wondrous.”
“And I thank my Lord that my secret is not sterile or barren.”
– Sheikh Ibrahim Niasse

By Umar Sheikh Tahir

Harvard University is renowned for its academic excellence and intellectual vibrancy. Visitors often expect encounters with great minds and engaging discussions with professors, students, and highly enlightened individuals. However, my recent visit transcended mere intellectual exchange; it was a holistic experience that seamlessly intertwined intellectual discourse with spiritual enrichment, specifically with my fellow Tijjāniyah Faydah community, where I shared my day with them, which was superb and was a Friday full of activities. 

On March 29, 2024, the day commenced with an eagerly anticipated lecture under the Islam in Africa initiative Lecture Series, co-organized by Prince Bin Al-Waleed Bin Talal Islamic Studies Program, Hutchins Center for African and African American Research, Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and Harvard Divinity School, and also the program convened by Professor Ousmane Kane al-Waleed Bin Talal, Professor of Contemporary Islamic Religion and Society.

My friend and interlocutor, a fellow Tijjānī disciple Amadu Kunateh, is a PhD candidate who works on Islamic Intellectual Traditions in Sub-Saharan Africa and their philosophical currents. He presented a lecture on the reception of theology (Kalam) and philosophy (Falsafa) in Modern Sub-saharan Africa. He utilised Sheikh Ibrahim Niasse as a case study of African ulemas’ engagement with the subjects. In keeping with the form of the subject matter, Amadu summarised his work in syllogistic form: 

Premise 1: In Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa, Kalam and Falsafa were present but held limited valorisation.

Premise 2: Sheikh Ibrahim Niasse denounced Kalam and Falsafa as ‘evil innovations’.

Premise 3: Kalam’s aim of providing certain knowledge was refuted by Niasse, who argued that it cannot offer certainty.

Premise 4: Ma’rifa and tarbiya, offering certain knowledge, negate the necessity of Kalam.

Premise 5: Critics suggest that Ma’rifa is exclusive, leaving Kalam and speculative reasoning as alternatives for the populace.

Premise 6: In the Islamic context of West Africa, under Sheikh Ibrahim Niasse’s guidance, Ma’rifa is universally attainable.

Conclusion: Thus, in this milieu of the `Ārifeen in Subsaharan Africa, Kalam and Falsafa become redundant. 

Notwithstanding, Amadu suggested that despite the privileging of ma’rifa and tarbiya as alternative cognitive modes, he showcased the continued presence of profound intellectual contributions to the issues pertinent questions of Kalam and Philosophy found in Sheikh Ibrahim’s Fi Riyād al-Tafseer.

The Q&A session allowed for more in-depth engagement with particular issues ranging from questions on Sheikh Ibrahim’s conception of Time, God’s Attributes (Sifat) & Dhat (Essence), the limits of the Intellect (‘aql), and more. The lecture ended with a hot meal, which was enjoyed by non-Muslims who are not observing Ramadan fasting, and takeaway containers for Muslim fasters.

Since it was Friday, we went to the Masjid for Friday prayer, where I found myself spiritually immersed, complementing the intellectual discourse seamlessly. Serendipitously, the Friday sermon (khutbah) was delivered by Dr. Ousmane Kane, who reminded congregants of the importance of God-consciousness (taqwa) and how taqwa results in God teaching you knowledge directly. This was a poignant reminder for an audience of academics and students in the pursuit of knowledge. 

The sermon echoed Amadu’s earlier presentation on the alternative epistemologies and limits of the intellect. How remarkable to have heard a presentation on Sheikh Ibrahim Niasse only to follow it up with a khutbah at Harvard by his grandson, Dr. Kane, the son of his daughter Seyda Maryam Niasse. It was evident that the Flood (Fayda) had indeed travelled westward, and its wonders reverberated through the Harvard walls. 

Dr Ousmane Kane

Following the Juma’ah prayer, the day continued to unfold its tapestry of spiritual and philosophical threads, culminating in two extraordinary meetings: one a private meeting with Dr. Kane in his office. During my meeting, I updated him on my project and the progress I am making at Columbia University. He gave me some valuable academic tips and then prayed for us with my friends.

My doctoral dissertation is about the tradition of Arabic Islamic logic in Subsaharan and North Africa. As such, it was suggested that I meet Āqil, an undergraduate student at Harvard College majoring in Math and philosophy, with a particular focus on modern logic. He is well-versed in Islamic tradition, having had madrasa training in Malaysia before arriving at Harvard. 

Our conversation explored the relationship between Modal Logic, Classical Logic, and Arabic logic. The discussion focused on the metaphysical assumptions that ground modern logic and go unnoticed by modern logicians like Frege, Russel, and Wittgenstein. However, precise and comprehensive due to its extensive utilisation of symbols, it can be used for contemporary Usul al-Fiqh (Principles of Jurisprudence) as classical Arabic logic was traditionally espoused as an ‘instrumental’ tool for Usul and Theology. We were not convinced of the utility of modern logic for the Islamic sciences, but this issue requires further exploration. 

Since it was Friday, and as Tijjānī adherents, we headed out to the Zawiyah located at Shaykh Ousmane Kane’s home to engage in more remembrance (dhikr), Qur’an recitation, poetry recitals community before the Maghrib prayer. In the midst of rigorous intellectual engagement, moments of spiritual reflection provided a refreshing pause. A moment of tranquillity presented itself during the Haylala at the Zawiyah. The evening culminated with the Quranic khatm, which is done every week following a complete recital of the Quran by members of this community. 

We broke our fast together, which fostered a sense of community and companionship. It was amazing to experience a day of intellectual fasting at Harvard – with each conversation serving as a reminder of Allah. 

The Path to Paradise is the prayer and the fast.
And the Path to Allah is abandoning everything apart from Allah.

– Sheikh Ibrahim Niasse

As we partook in the communal meal, it became evident that such gatherings not only nourish the body but also nurture the soul, and the healing food is exclusively cooked with the heart before the hand. Thanks to Kane’s family.

By the way, not surprisingly again, Shaykh Ousmane Kane presented the annual Ramadan Lecture (Durūs al-Hasaniyah)hosted by His Majesty the King of Morocco in front of Muslim global ‘ulema on Western Academia and Islamic Intellectual Tradition in Sub-saharan Africa and his efforts at Harvard to unravel that history. It’s astonishing and unprecedented that Shaykh, who lectured in front of the world’s Islamic scholars in Morocco, was a Harvard professor, khatib, and spiritual leader (muqaddam). It is a testament to Dr Kane (complex of two oceans of mind and spirit, as I named him in lines of my poetry last year,) the grandson of Shaykh al-Islam and Harvard professor.  Indeed, the Fayda has flooded over from Africa to Harvard and its nurturing hearts and minds. 

Reflecting on the day’s experiences, it’s evident that intellectual and spiritual pursuits need not exist in isolation; rather, they can complement and enrich one another, as is currently occurring at Harvard. Within Harvard’s diverse intellectual community, there exists a small group of people championing a holistic approach to learning. 

Umar Sheikh Tahir, PhD Candidate at Columbia University. He can be contacted via ust2102@columbia.edu.

Police crackdown on criminal hideouts in Abuja

By Uzair Adam Imam  

The FCT Police Command conducted a series of coordinated raids on notorious black spots and criminal hideouts in the Durumi and Dei-Dei areas of Abuja. 

The operation, carried out between March 31 and April 4, 2024, resulted in the arrest of eighty-five suspects for various offenses. 

Confirming the success of the raids, SP Josephine Adeh, spokesperson of the FCT Police Command, highlighted the persistent criminal activities that had plagued these areas.  

She described the hideouts as notorious havens for hoodlums engaged in a range of illicit activities, including the peddling of hard drugs, manufacturing counterfeit currencies, and erecting illegal structures. 

During the operation, law enforcement officers executed search warrants on several structures within the targeted areas.  

This led to the seizure of numerous incriminating exhibits, including counterfeit paper and coins in both local and foreign currencies, light weapons, eight motorcycles, seven generators, various electronic gadgets, and a stash of ATM cards suspected to have been stolen from victims. 

Adeh stated that all the arrested suspects would undergo thorough screening, with those found culpable being profiled and subsequently arraigned in court to face justice.  

Additionally, the illegal wooden structures erected by the criminals were dismantled and set ablaze as part of efforts to deter further criminal activities in the area. 

CP Benneth Igweh, the Commissioner of Police for the FCT, reiterated his commitment to ridding the territory of criminal elements and ensuring the safety of all residents.  

He urged the public to remain vigilant and cooperate with law enforcement agencies by reporting any suspicious activities through designated emergency hotlines. 

Residents were reminded to contact the following police emergency contact numbers if there is newd: 08032003913 – 08028940883 – 08061581938 – 07057337653 – PCB: 09022222352 – CRU: 08107314192

I won’t endorse Biden this time—American wrestler, Rock

By Uzair Adam Imam  

American actor and wrestler Dwayne Johnson, widely known as The Rock, has declared his decision not to endorse President Joe Biden for a second term in the upcoming presidential election rematch with former President Donald Trump. 

Johnson had previously thrown his support behind Biden in the 2022 presidential election, lauding him for his qualities of compassion, heart, drive, and soul.  

However, in a recent interview with Fox News, Johnson indicated a change in stance, stating, “Am I going to do that again this year? That answer’s no. I realise now going into this election, I will not do that.” 

Back in September 2020, The Rock endorsed Biden and his running mate, Kamala Harris, praising their experience and leadership qualities. 

However, when asked about a potential repeat of his endorsement, Johnson expressed dissatisfaction with the current state of America, saying, “Am I happy with the state of America right now? Well, that answer’s no. Do I believe we’re gonna get better? I believe in that – I’m an optimistic guy. And I believe we can do better.” 

While stating his goal of uniting the country, Johnson asserted that he would keep his political views private, stating, “It is between me and the ballot box.”  

He expressed trust in the American people’s decision, asserting that whoever they vote for will be his president, whom he will support wholeheartedly.

Mother’s lover allegedly abuses children sexually while she’s away

By Uzair Adam Imam  

Lovelyn Onyekachi and her suspected lover, Uchenna Ekwenye, find themselves in police custody amid disturbing allegations of serial sexual attacks and defilement involving Lovelyn’s three children, aged 5, 7, and 9. 

The case, originating in Lagos, has been moved to Abuja as investigations intensify. According to police sources, the children, lacking proper attention from their mother, reportedly fell victim to the assaults facilitated by Lovelyn’s relationship with Ekwenye.  

Neighbours, troubled by the children’s distress, alerted authorities, leading to the arrests. 

Lovelyn, who returned to Nigeria from South Africa with her children after a reported dispute with her husband, Pastor Paul Onyekachi, allegedly entered into a relationship with Ekwenye, who frequently visited their home in Lagos.  

The situation escalated when Ekwenye allegedly moved in and took advantage of Lovelyn’s absence to abuse the children, warning them against disclosure. 

However, a petition from the accused’s legal representatives challenges these accusations, asserting them as tactics orchestrated by the children’s father to gain custody through coercion. 

In a twist, Lovelyn’s lawyers claim that she was detained unlawfully by the Lagos State Domestic and Sexual Violence Agency after being summoned for questioning regarding the allegations. 

Salary increase or stronger Naira: My appeal to the President

By Sani Bello Hamza

Mr. President, before I delve into my concerns, it is indeed important to lay a proper foundation. As an aspiring lawyer and an opinion leader in my own capacity, I am not unaware of the challenges and intricacies of leadership. The stress, strain, and challenges are sometimes daunting and discouraging.

However, Mr. President, even your enemies and those from the opposition party can not doubt your capacity to lead and your unique style of leadership. Your ability to lead and manage successful politicians, industry men and academics leaves us in awe and surprise.

Your ability to understand and provide lasting solutions to national issues ought to be given careful consideration and serve as an exercise for students at various levels. Your unique style of leadership is indeed worthy of emulation and study. The Asiwaju school of thought!

Dear President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, It has been a year since Nigerians qued in mass to support you and the renewed hope agenda. They voted for you and supported your candidacy. Nigerians, from every nook and cranny of the country, shun the nay-sayers and triumph to support you and the APC to make sure you make it to the Villa. It has now become history and forms a special part of the Asiwaju school of thought! 

Mr. President, sir, Before you declared your intention to run for president in early 2022, Nigerians were lost in search of a trusted and reliable leader, a qualified politician capable of steering them to the promised land. The APC seems to be falling after eight years of sheer disappointing tenure, and the PDP was not an option to be considered, given its 16-year tenure.

The resurgence and emergence of the renewed hope agenda and the “emilokan” slogan gave Nigerians a sigh of relief and hope that the table would turn around. That is, it’s time to reap what they sow and enjoy the fruit of their labour and hard work. 

Mr. President, I wish I could write this letter and deliver it directly to your mail or doorstep. Sadly, it’s not possible. I still wish I could be featured on national television to address you and beg you for one thing, yes, just one thing, Mr. President. 

If I were given the opportunity to meet you, the president, in a one-on-one conversation, I wouldn’t talk much. I promise to make the conversation short, brief, and succinct. Who will give me this golden opportunity? 

Anyway, the popular Hausa adage; “guntun gatarin ka ya fi sari ka bani” meaning your short axe is better than cut and give me” is what kept resounding in my skull. I will use the little I have to achieve what I don’t have. I will send this letter out, hoping that one day it’ll reach you, Mr. President. In a one-on-one meeting with the president, I will tell him to put aside anything that has to do with salary increases for the working class and concentrate on bringing back to life the already dead Naira. A stronger Naira is the only option.

Okay, back to the subject matter: Nigeria is indeed a blessed country with abundant natural resources (Minerals and Humans). Yet, our economy keeps dilapidating day in and day out. It always seems that yesterday was better than today, last month was better than the current month, and we wish to be taken back to the previous administrations. 

Why is this happening? What is the problem with Nigeria?

I was tempted to share a post on my Facebook timeline from March 2015 (nine years ago) in which the writer lamented how the prices of commodities skyrocketed during the fasting period. The only price that caught my attention was the price of spaghetti, which rose from 60 – 70 naira. Man! How much are you buying spaghetti now? They’ll say the dollar has risen.

Mr. President, back then, in 2014, the exchange rate of dollar to naira was 60-70 per dollar. The minimum wage then was 18,000 naira, which is enough for an average Nigerian to buy a bag of rice and other commodities to sustain himself throughout the month.

Fast forward to 2024, 10 years later, the Naira hit an all-time record of 1900 to a dollar, and the minimum wage has graciously increased from 18,000 to 30,000. The 30k will not be enough for the average Nigerian to buy half a bag of rice, not to talk of other daily life struggles.

Mr. President, I strongly believe a salary increase will only increase the amount of money in circulation, thereby making inflation the front seat of our economic discourse. They say more money, more problems. 

Mr President, sir, a good road network connecting rural to urban areas spiced up with increased exports will benefit the country more than an increased salary for less than five per cent of the country’s population. 

Dear President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, I equally believe the renowned economists in your midst understand the intricacies of our economy and where it’s heading to. With your continuous support, dedication and unwavering commitment to the progress of our nation, Nigerians will one day smile and say Alhamdulillah!

Sani Bello Hamza is a Law Student at Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. He writes from Zaria and can be reached via sanibellohamza@gmail.com.

 

Military can end Nigeria’s security crisis

By Uzair Adam Imam

Former Minister of Defence and National Leader of the New Nigeria People’s Party (NNPP), Sen. Musa Kwankwaso, has emphasized the capability of the military to effectively address the prevailing security challenges in Nigeria, provided with the requisite support.

Speaking to journalists after the NNPP National Executive Committee meeting in Abuja, Kwankwaso underscored the pivotal role of the Federal Government in addressing the security crisis while urging Nigerians to actively contribute by providing crucial information to security agencies.

Drawing from his extensive experience in security matters as a former Minister of Defence and Chief Security Officer of Kano State, Kwankwaso emphasized that the gravity of the situation necessitates the involvement of the Nigerian military.

He stressed that alternative security measures, such as state-led initiatives, fall short of addressing the magnitude of the crisis.

Highlighting the dire consequences of the security challenges, including disruptions to agricultural activities and rampant abduction of innocent civilians, Kwankwaso urged collective efforts towards restoring peace and security in the country.

Asserting his party’s readiness to tackle the nation’s problems, Kwankwaso positioned the NNPP as a beacon of hope for Nigerians disillusioned by the failures of the All Progressives Congress (APC) and the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).

Echoing Kwankwaso’s sentiments, Kano State Governor Abba Yusuf urged unwavering dedication among party members, emphasizing the need for wholehearted commitment to the NNPP’s vision for a better Nigeria.

El-Rufai gears up for legal, political battle against Tinubu

By Uzair Adam Imam

The former governor of Kaduna State, Mallam Nasir El-Rufai, is bracing himself for a multifaceted showdown with President Bola Tinubu, poised to unfold in both courtrooms and the court of public opinion.

El-Rufai’s legal offensive is aimed at vindicating himself from allegations of being a security risk, which have tarnished his reputation and dashed his ministerial aspirations.

Despite his instrumental support in Tinubu’s rise to power, El-Rufai was abruptly dropped during Senate ministerial screenings, citing purported security clearance failures.

This stunning turn of events has spurred El-Rufai to action, with plans underway to challenge the accusations in court. Sources close to him have affirmed his resolve to clear his name and restore his integrity, leveraging his extensive international connections and legal resources.

Simultaneously, El-Rufai is mobilizing politically to challenge Tinubu’s influence in the court of public opinion, setting the stage for a potentially contentious lead-up to the 2027 elections.

While his exact role in the upcoming political landscape remains uncertain, El-Rufai’s strategic maneuvering against Tinubu underscores a rift that has emerged despite their past collaboration.

El-Rufai’s journey from a key ally to a formidable opponent of Tinubu reflects a complex dynamic within Nigerian politics, where alliances can shift rapidly, driven by personal ambitions and ideological differences.

As the battle lines are drawn, the nation watches with bated breath to see how this clash of titans will reshape the political landscape in the years to come.