National Population Commission

By Muhammad Mikail

On June 26, 2026, President Bola Ahmed Tinubu signed the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) Act 2026 into law at the State House in Abuja, before an audience that included the trailblazer DG/CEO of the National Identity Management Commission, NIMC, Engr, Abisoye Coker-Odusote, the Senate President, the Deputy Speaker of the House, the Attorney General, the Minister of Interior, and a World Bank representative. The gathering was deliberately high-profile: the new law closes a 19-year gap in Nigeria’s identity system and reshapes how citizens, businesses, and the government will trust each other online. The Act officially repeals and replaces the NIMC Act of 2007, which had governed Nigeria’s identity system and remained untouched even before smartphones, biometric enrolment, or mobile banking became part of everyday Nigerian life.

For most citizens, the significance of a piece of legislation like this is easy to miss. And very few people will ever read its full text. This new Act 2026 determines how easily a young graduate opens a bank account, how a small trader secures a loan, how a Nigerian abroad renews a passport, and how confidently anyone can prove who they are, online or in person.

Why the Old Law Had to Go

When the original NIMC Act was passed in 2007, Nigeria had no national-scale biometric enrolment infrastructure and no meaningful digital economy to speak of. That changed dramatically over almost the two decades that followed: the National Identification Number (NIN) became mandatory for SIM registration, passport applications, bank account opening, and voter registration. As digital services multiplied, the risks also did. Identity theft, fraudulent NIN registrations, and the phishing of biometric data became live problems that the 2007 framework was never built to address. It had nothing to say about digital credentials, cybersecurity obligations, or how private companies overseeing NIN-linked data should behave. The new Act closes that gap. Thus far, officials and legal analysts point to four structural shifts at the heart of the reform:

NIMC becomes Nigeria’s digital trust authority. The single biggest change is the designation of NIMC as the Root Certification Authority for Nigeria’s National Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI). In practical terms, NIMC now controls the digital “keys” that make online transactions verifiable and trustworthy. 

“One Person, One Identity” is now the law. The NIN is formally established as Nigeria’s foundational identity credential, with the NIMC empowered to enable secure, interoperable data exchange among government agencies, financial institutions, and private-sector organisations that previously operated on fragmented, disconnected systems.

Data protection gets real teeth. The 2026 Act aligns NIMC’s practices with the Nigeria Data Protection Act (NDPA) and international privacy standards, meaning biometrics, addresses, and linked credentials must now be processed and stored under legally defined rules with NIMC committing to audit enrolment partners and third-party integrators more closely.

Penalties are sharper, and enforcement powers wider. Companies now face fines running into tens of millions of naira, while offences such as impersonation, multiple registration, and unauthorised access to identity data attract custodial sentences. NIMC’s investigative powers now extend to search, seizure, and, subject to judicial authorisation, data decryption.

The Commission’s board has also been reconstituted to include representatives from 14 government institutions, including INEC, the Nigeria Police Force, the DSS, the EFCC, the Central Bank of Nigeria, and the Office of the National Security Adviser. This signals that identity management is now of huge government concern.

The Implications for Identity Development

For nearly twenty years, Nigeria’s identity system evolved in a fragmented manner. NIN requirements were bolted agency by agency, without a unifying legal architecture. The 2026 Act gives that patchwork a single statutory backbone.

ID analysts rank Nigeria among Africa’s most mature digital identity ecosystems, alongside Kenya, Ethiopia, and South Africa. A legally grounded, PKI-backed identity system positions Nigeria for cross-border interoperability at a moment when West African economic integration is deepening, becoming a potential regional asset. The law also explicitly widens access for Nigerians in the diaspora, an acknowledgement that identity is a right and the attendant ID infrastructure needs to follow citizens wherever they live.

What It Means for Nigeria’s Digital Economy

The government have tied the Act directly to Nigeria’s ambition of building a one-trillion-dollar economy, arguing that a trusted, interoperable identity layer is a precondition for the digital services that ambition depends on. When banks, telecoms, insurers, and government agencies can all verify identity against a single authoritative source rather than duplicating know-your-customer processes, transaction costs fall, and fraud becomes harder to commit. Analysts following the reform expect it to strengthen the investment case for fintech expansion, e-commerce, and digital lending. These are sectors that all depend on being able to cheaply and quickly verify that the person on the other end of a transaction is real. Reduced duplication across agencies is also expected to improve the efficiency of public service delivery more broadly, from tax administration to social intervention programmes that need to verify beneficiaries accurately.

What It Means for the Everyday Nigerian and Legal Resident

Easier, wider access to services: With the NIN legally cemented as the reference point for passports, bank accounts, insurance, tax filing, and credit applications, NIMC has stated that citizens, including those in the diaspora, can expect easier and convenient access to identity-linked services, and stronger interoperability means fewer redundant registrations across agencies.

Stronger data protection: For the first time, there is a clear legal obligation governing how a Nigerian’s biometric and personal data must be managed, whether by NIMC itself or by any private company plugging into its verification infrastructure. 

Higher stakes, and higher expectations. The Act’s tougher penalties offer citizens greater protection against identity fraud. Also, to meet with President Tinubu’s directive of enrolling every Nigerian by the end of 2026 means NIMC would need to register more than three million people every month, DG/CEO NIMC said in an interview on Channels TV recently that NIMC is collaborating with partners under the World Bank-supported Nigeria Digital Identification for Development (NDID4D) Project to accelerate nationwide enrolment. This offers real hope of inclusion, particularly for rural and lower-income Nigerians who remain hardest to reach. 

The road ahead 

The NIMC Act 2026 is, by most independent accounts, a genuinely significant piece of reform. It closes a legal vacuum that persisted across four presidential administrations and a mobile internet revolution, the original drafters of the NIMC Act 2007 never anticipated. But the law itself only creates the scaffolding. The harder work of auditing enrolment partners, enforcing data-breach penalties, and reaching citizens outside the system remains.

Conclusively, I urge the NIMC, critical stakeholders and relevant agencies, organisations, CSOs and players in the ID ecosystem to support the NIMC and ensure the ACT of 2026 ultimately strengthens public trust, serves as a means to encourage nationwide enrolment for the NIN, and ensures the institutions enforcing it are themselves held to account. Ultimately, we must collectively ensure that all intended benefits, services, and access that the Act 2026 brings becomea lived reality for the average Nigerian and legal resident, and not another entry on the country’s lengthy list of good intentions.

Muhammad Mikail is a communications professional and writes from Abuja. He can be reached via muhammadnmikail.mm@gmail.com

By Muhamad Mikail

In today’s interconnected and accountability-driven environment, a stakeholder is anyone who has an interest in or influence over an organisation, ranging from employees, customers, investors, and regulators to local communities and advocacy groups. Stakeholder engagement is a strategic process that involves informing, consulting, collaborating with, and responding to these groups to ensure transparency, secure buy-in, manage risks, and incorporate feedback into project planning and execution. According to the International Association for Public Participation (IAP2), stakeholders are those who are “affected by or can affect the outcome of a decision or project,” making their inclusion vital to successful outcomes.

A 2020 McKinsey & Company report found that organisations that engage stakeholders meaningfully tend to perform better across both financial and social metrics, and are 2.3 times more likely to outperform their peers. The World Bank now requires stakeholder engagement in all funded projects, and frameworks like the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) emphasise stakeholder inclusiveness as a core principle of sustainable reporting. In this context, stakeholder engagement is no longer a courtesy—it is a strategic imperative for organisations seeking long-term relevance, impact, and resilience.

Since it became effective in December 2021, the Nigeria Digital Identification for Development Project has sought to have a proactive and open relationship with its stakeholders, across public and private institutions, ministries, departments and agencies, the media, Front End Enrolment Partners, Non-governmental organisations, Civil Society Organisations, disability clusters and women’s forums. This consistent stakeholder engagement is viewed as being fundamental to the core development objective of the Project, which is “to increase the number of persons with a national identity number issued by a robust and inclusive foundational ID system that guarantees their access to services”. This is to ensure the provision of a verifiable means of identification (NIN) for all Nigerians and legal residents of Nigeria. 

Thus far, the Project has successfully organised stakeholder consultation workshops annually for critical stakeholders in the ID sector across Nigeria. Importantly, these consultations elicited feedback and synergy on areas of collaboration, building on established networks and structures across communities and ward levels. Reports of these consultation workshops have been published in three national dailies, which serve as a means of reporting back to stakeholders on the progress of implementing their recommendations and suggestions. 

It is worthy of immense applause that the Project, through the Ecosystem Coordination Strategic Unit, (ECSU) in manner yet to be replicated in the country and anywhere else in the world supported the then Nigeria Data Protection Bureau headed by Dr Vincent Olatunji, devised a master stroke strategy of engaging critical stakeholders in the digital economy ecosystem, data protection thought-leaders, cybersecurity experts, policy makers, technocrats, NGOs, CSOs, development partners and even politicians in the drive to the drafting, passage of the data protection bill and eventual assent by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu on the 12^th of June 2023 all under one year. This eventually gave rise to what is now known as the Nigeria Data Protection (NDP) Act of 2023, which led to the establishment of the Nigeria Data Protection Commission. 

Furthermore, the Project Coordinator of the Project Implementation Unit, Mrs Tito Ejenavi said in a speech delivered at the opening of training for over 7,157 revalidated Front End Enrolment Partners and agents, that the PIU is part and parcel of  NIMC and has supported the National Identity Management Commission in entering several partnerships that have benefited underserved communities, disability clusters and several women forums including taking enrolment to their communities, test of accountability scorecards and assignment of special enrolment agents to enrol persons with disability, drafting and validation of disability policy, inclusion strategies, incentivisation of enrolment partners using the business model and billing solution, aided by the geo-spatial mapping of all communities and cities in Nigeria.  The NIMC is also collaborating with the National Social Safety Net Coordinating Office to enrol the poorest of the poor into the National Social Register and validate the Social Register using the NIN. 

As a result of this engagement and numerous other initiatives, NIN enrolment figures and data have improved by millions each month. From January 2022 when enrolment for the NIN stood at seventy-two million, seven hundred thousand, three hundred and sixty (72, 700, 360) and May 2025, enrolment currently stands at one hundred and nineteen million, six hundred and twenty-three thousand, two hundred and twenty-nine, a whopping addition of forty-six million, nine hundred and ninety-two thousand, eight hundred and sixty-nine. This accounts for a 48.80% increase in the number of people enrolled and issued a National Identification Number, NIN. 

Establishing and maintaining good relationships requires a long-term horizon, involving taking varied steps and making different, far-reaching decisions. The NIMC through the Project Implementation Unit, PIU of the NDID4D Project have invested heavily and strategically in the training and retraining of grievance redress representatives across the 36 states of Nigeria who across all NIMC centres are to serve as the first points of contact for any aggrieved enrolee, enrolment agent or residents of the host communities especially when such situation is tied to enrolment for the NIN or any other services that the NIMC currently offers.  

Concerted Efforts are being made through CSOs and women’s forums, such as the Federation of Muslim Women Association of Nigeria (FOMWAN), to personalise relationships with communities across the federation. This is achieved by building on their already established structures and networks, and working through their employees to create links with local communities and drive inclusion. Grievance redress has taken centre stage with the establishment and expansion of a NIMC 24/7 toll-free line to address grievances from anywhere in the country. The DG/CEO of NIMC, Engr. Abisoye Coker Odusote has been quoted in several official events stating that NIMC takes grievances seriously and will address them in a reliable and timely manner. 

It is worth noting that strategic stakeholder engagement is a key strategy for governments, organisations, and community groups in developing coherent policies and projects. It is our sincere hope that many more sustainable and people-centred reforms will be pursued in the drive to reposition our digital identity ecosystem, thereby helping to enhance the growth of our digital economy.  I therefore call on the National Assembly to expedite the passage of the amendments to the NIMC Act of 2025, as forward-thinking legal reforms like the NIMC Act amendment hold the key to unlocking the limitless benefits of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Muhammad Mikail is a Communications Professional and writes from Abuja. He can be reached via muhammadnmikail.mm@gmail.com.

By Muhammadu Sabiu 
 
The 2023 Population and Housing Census, which was initially planned to take place from May 3–7, 2023, has been postponed, and a new date will be slated by the incoming government.
 
This is contained in a statement released by the Ministry of Information and Culture via its verified Twitter handle.
 
The statement reads, “President Muhammadu Buhari has approved the postponement of the 2023 Population and Housing Census, earlier scheduled for 3-7 May 2023, to a date to be determined by the incoming Administration.
 
“The President gave the approval after meeting with some members of the Federal Executive Council and the Chairman of @natpopcom and his team at the Presidential Villa in Abuja on Friday (28 April 2023).”