Health

By Hamza Muhammad Tasiu

I want to start with a powerful word: Kafkaesque! The meaning? It is when you enter a surreal world in which all your control patterns, plans, and how you have configured your own behaviour begin to fall to pieces. You find yourself against a force that does not lend itself to how you perceive the world. You don’t give up; you don’t lie down and die. You struggle against this with your equipment and whatever you have. But of course, you don’t stand a chance. That’s Kafkaesque as defined by Frederick R. Karl.

Kafkaesque comes from the name of the German author Franz Kafka. The word perfectly describes the cases of most kidney failure patients. The disease starts with back pain, then people go for diagnosis, and dialysis follows (Thank God it is free for Yobe indigenes). Swelling in arms and legs, shortness of breath, and hiccups follow and then comes the expected: slow and painful death. These are some of the things patients go through. 

But what is kidney failure? Kidney failure is a condition in which the kidneys lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids. In other words, the kidneys have failed. 

Ordinarily, kidney failure should not be a death sentence. Dr. Ibrahim Sulaiman told us that a person can survive on 25% of his total nephrons, the kidney cells. That is, you only need half of one kidney to survive. But for most people, being diagnosed with one kidney failure is like being issued an indirect death certificate.

Most patients diagnosed with kidney disease put everything they can into the fight against the disease, but they stand no chance in most cases. And as the word says, ‘You don’t give up, you don’t lie down and die. You struggle against this with your equipment and whatever you have. But of course, you don’t stand a chance.’ 

Gashua has the highest number of cases of kidney failure in the whole of Yobe State. You could go to the dialysis unit in Yobe State Teaching Hospital and look at a kidney failure patient and ask him, ‘Are you from Gashua?’ The most probable answer? ‘Yes!’ 

As we speak today, hundreds of families are at the mercy of this disease. May we, the healthy ones, be protected from it. We also pray that this crisis comes to an end soon. 

My attempts for writing this short piece are that we may get someone (individuals, NGOs, governments, etc.) who will come to our aid and relieve the pain in my heart. As Neil Gaiman said, ‘Pain shared, my brother, is pain not doubled but halved.’

Hamza Muhammad Tasiu wrote via hamzamtasiu@gmail.com.

by Abdullahi Mukhtar Algasgaini

Governor Muhammadu Inuwa Yahaya, CON, inspected the 200-bed-capacity ultramodern General Hospital in Kumo, Akko Local Government Area of Gombe State.  

The hospital replaced an earlier dilapidated facility and is designed to provide comprehensive healthcare services as a referral centre.

Governor Inuwa said, “The complete reconstruction of this hospital is part of our larger plan to provide quality and affordable healthcare services to the people. We inherited a completely moribund General Hospital that could not provide the required healthcare services due to a lack of necessary equipment. We had no choice but to rebuild it from the ground up.”

“We built the hospital to international standards so it can function as not only a general hospital but also a facility that can provide tertiary health services,” the governor added.

He explained that the state government has also established similar hospitals in Kaltungo and Bajoga and revitalised at least one primary healthcare facility in each of the state’s 114 political wards.

“Our performance in the health sector, from human resources to infrastructure, is evident for all to see”. 

Strategically located, the Kumo General Hospital will serve the local population and travellers along the Gombe-Yola road. 

The Commissioner for Health, Dr. Habu Dahiru, conducted the governor around the facility and said it can handle complex medical cases, including heart surgeries and other medical complications.

He highlighted its modern equipment and potential to become a leading healthcare centre in the state and across the Northeast.

“In this theatre, multiple operations can be performed simultaneously, making it ideal for emergency situations and life-saving interventions,” he noted.

The Governor inspected the well-equipped laboratories, wards, maternity unit, accident and emergency complex, mortuary, powerhouse, and mini water treatment plant, among other facilities.

By Abdulaziz Isah Bagwai

After the Asr prayer on a rainy Monday, Jummai, who was pregnant, was sweeping her courtyard when her daughter Laure returned from the river, where she went to fetch the water they would use for the chores. “Assalamu alaikum,” Laure greeted as she entered the house and poured the water she fetched in a rubber bucket into a large pot.

Jummai, an all-female mother of five, had prayed endlessly during the day and night for a male child, and since the miracle of this pregnancy, her prayers have doubled. She’d often wake up in the middle of the night to remind God of her prayers and to jokingly remind Him that He’d promised to answer good prayers. Hers was.

One night in September, Jummai began her labour with low and intensifying moans that woke Baban Laure, her husband, whose sleeping groans filled the noiseless room. “What’s happening? Are you well?” He inquired in a low, creaking tune. She couldn’t answer him, but in her moans, he understood she was calling God for aid into her large tummy, and when he grabbed his torchlight, he saw that she was holding the belly tightly.

Baban Laure rushed to his neighbour, Rakiya, a traditional birth attendant. Upon their arrival, Rakiya confirmed that it was labour, but the condition was beyond her basic skills; hence, he should take his wife to the primary health care facility in Bagwai.

Amidst preparation, Jummai continued to bleed, and Baban Laure suggested that “if not for the bleeding, we could manage to wait until the morning when the staff of our health post come.” Baban Laure suggested this to Rakiya, who was engrossed in controlling the seemingly unending bleeding. Baban Laure said they could only travel to Bagwai on bikes that night of misery because the only person who had a car wasn’t in town.

Jummai gave birth to a beautiful baby boy at around 4:00 a.m., whom she was unable to see immediately until the day broke. “Where’s my baby?” She asked. But the strolling tears in Rakiya’s eyes told her everything. The baby is dead, she understood, with a bit of desperation in her face. When the birth attendant was telling Rakiya to report on time in emergency cases like this because the baby died as a result of oxygen starvation, which was, of course, due to the excess blood she had lost, she understood that her baby was a boy. Before Rakiya arrived at her bed to calm the tears that formed rivers in her eyes, she lay there stranded, unconscious, and was admitted for two weeks!

What is behind the pause of Kwajale Comprehensive Health Center’s construction project?

Had this project been completed and launched today, there would’ve been a 24-hour medical service in this village, which could’ve saved the life of Jummai’s baby boy that she had wished and prayed for. 

“This project has put light on many faces in Kwajale, for it was initiated when our clinic and the services we rendered were insufficient for the community,” said Saifullahi, a healthcare worker at Kwajale Primary Health Post.

“When the construction started, we were assured that it wouldn’t take long to be completed, and we agreed to their assertion because they worked with an enthusiastic speed,” Saifullahi continued.

Who are the contractors?

It was a federal government project awarded in 2007 by the Association of Local Government of Nigeria (ALGON) to Mathan Nigeria Limited. This indigenous engineering company had quietly touched the lives of Nigerians long before it got caught in the eye of the storm because an April 2nd, 2012, Premium Times report stated that “Abandoned N37 billion health centre projects rot away nationwide.” However, “the contractor Mathan Nigeria Limited is insisting on a variation of the original contract sum.”

However, on October 24th, 2023, Platform Times reported that “After 16 years, ALGON disburses equipment to [an] abandoned hospital in Ogun [State].” Although this report might’ve meant ALGON was on another different project with a different contractor, the report continued to read, “The equipment, which was part of a federal government project awarded in 2007, was delivered to the health centre on Monday by a contractor, Mathan Nigeria Limited.”

Why the failed project in Kwajale is different

“We’re a little bit far from Bagwai [town], and we do not have good roads; referred patients suffer a lot [in the day, not to mention at night, and even in the dry season, speak less of the rainy season] along the way.” Malam Umar, a community member, lamented.

“We’ve been given classes to continue with our activities because the building meant for the primary health post has been under renovation for years now, but no progress has been made yet,” said Malama Aisha, the head of Kwajale Health Post.

“A non-governmental organisation (NGO), the United Nigerian Youth Forum (UNYF), has urged the Department of State Services (DSS), the police, other security agencies, and the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) to probe the contractor handling the construction of health centres across the country. The forum accused the contractor, Mathan Nigeria Limited, of abandoning the N57 billion contract, which the forum said had led to the deaths of many Nigerians.” Leadership news report.

Ali Muhammed, the UNYF’s spokesperson, alleged that the contractor’s negligence had caused the deaths of hundreds of expectant mothers who ought to have safely delivered their babies at the health facilities if the projects had been completed on time.

For 17 years now, the remedy for the continued pain like Jummai’s in Kwajale is still uncalled for; no medical condition is manageable at night in Kwajale, their bad roads are yet the same, and patients still suffer along the bicycle-and-motorcycle-only road.

By Lawan Bukar Maigana 

According to a report by the World Health Organization, Nigeria, after India, has the highest number of maternal mortality in the world. The report shows 788 women and children deaths per hundred thousand’ in India, and 540 women and children ‘per thousand’ died in Nigeria.

Other countries with high maternal, neonatal, and stillbirth rates are Pakistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Afghanistan, and the United Republic of Tanzania.

‘About 57,000 mothers died from pregnancy and complications during childbirth in 2023 alone,’ said Nigeria’s Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Muhammad Pate, at a public health function.

Unfortunately, the frequent loss of lives among pregnant women in Nigeria, particularly Northern Nigeria, remains an issue of concern. This gives Nigeria a poor global ranking.

Pate explained that the Federal Government was committed to drastically reducing maternal mortality through the new Safe Motherhood Strategy. He noted that the central government will take actionable steps and cascade the strategies to state and local governments, targeting at least seven million pregnant women.

“The aim is to ease six million new births by activating the Decentralised Facility Financing package, establishing robust collaboration with health NGOs, community leaders, and media to boost awareness campaigns.” 

Sequel to the Health Minister’s lamentation, the Girl Child Concerns (GCC), in collaboration with the Borno State Government through the Multi-Sectoral Crisis Recovery Project (MCRP), has trained 300 Community Health Extension Workers (CHEWs) on Basic Emergency Obstetric Care and Early Neonatal Care in Borno State.

The Chief Adviser and Coordinator for Sustainable Development, Partnerships, and Humanitarian Support to the Governor of Borno State, Dr. Mairo Mandara, stated that the training aimed to improve maternal and child health services across the state. The training was conducted in three zones of the state. Each zone underwent one week of theoretical training followed by one week of clinical training. 

The training for Borno Central was held on May 27, 2024, for Borno North on June 3rd, and for Borno South on July 1st, with each zone being exposed to theoretical and clinical aspects of the training.

Dr. Mandara emphasized the governor’s commitment to ensuring quality health services for the resilient people of Borno State, especially the locals, given the magnitude of the challenges they face due to the terrorist activities of Boko Haram insurgents in their communities.

Dr. Mina Endeley from the Namu Project in the UK and Oluwaseyi Akinlaja from Princes Alexandra Hospital Trust in the UK have also joined the training, leading a practical session on successful delivery and universal approaches to handling emergency cases.

Endeley at MCH Biu Local Government Area practically taught non-medical attendants the concepts of basic life support, including managing catastrophic bleeding in the community.

The participants practised approaching the scene safely, calling for help, managing catastrophic bleeding, and reviewing the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation using a mnemonic we created.

Oluwaseyi Akinlaja from Princess Alexandra Hospital Trust, UK, explained the labour mechanism: how a baby is delivered as it passes through the pelvis into the birth canal and is born by expulsion. This was done to enable CHEWs to visualize the birth process so that they could make early referrals when necessary.

She exposed the participants to the seven steps/processes that a baby passes through before delivery, namely engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, and extension.

On his part, the Emir of Biu, Maidala Mustapha Umar Aliyu II, described the combined efforts of the organization—GCC—and Borno State Government as a “timely homily” and expressed readiness to support the effort in every way possible.

The lead facilitator of the training, Hadiza Yahaya, has expressed satisfaction with the performance of the participants during the training and expressed hope that the CHEWs will help greatly in the fight against maternal mortality. 

The training offered to Community Health Extension Workers (CHEWs) in Borno State is expected to result in each participant putting the knowledge into practice and witnessing a drastic reduction in maternal mortality in the state.

Lawan Bukar Maigana is the Communication Officer for Girl Child Concerns, GCC, and can be reached via email at lawanbukarmaigana@gmail.com.

By Usman Abdullahi Koli, ANIPR

In the words of the great German and one of the most impactful scientists, Albert Einstein, “Intellectuals solve problems, geniuses prevent them.”

In medicine, intellectualism and professionalism are the hallmarks of integrity. Back in Nigeria, like every sector, health faces its challenges. And in the words of the great scientist, dodging problems may not be far from shifting disaster; he believed that as an intellectual, the problem should be solved head-on. Professor Yusuf Bara Jibrin, the Chief Medical Director of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, epitomises these traits.

As a Professor of Internal Medicine specialising in infectious diseases, Yusuf Bara Jibrin has made significant strides in clinical development, research, training, staff welfare, and community engagements.

Prof. Jibrin is a beacon of intellectual curiosity and an embodiment of generosity in serving humanity. Through groundbreaking research, he has revolutionised our understanding of disease diagnosis and treatment, yielding numerous advancements in the medical field. His pedagogical prowess has inspired generations of medical professionals, nurturing their talents and fostering a passion for healing. Beyond his discipline, his expertise embraces various subjects, with an unending commitment to mentoring and guiding his staff and students.

Under his leadership, ATBUTH Bauchi has emerged as a premier healthcare institution in Bauchi and beyond. The sophisticated new facilities, including the General Outpatient Department (GOPD) complex, ENT department, Infertility Centre, and the upcoming Dental Clinic and Diagnostic Centre, are a testament to his commitment to excellence. His efforts have also led to the establishment of robust community engagement and management development programs, enhancing the hospital’s visibility and operational efficiency.

ATBUTH Bauchi has achieved numerous clinical milestones under this exemplary leadership. The hospital conducted its first endoscopic laser therapy for kidney stones, a significant advancement in minimally invasive surgery. The Pharmacy Department has begun using a drug formulary, aiming for essential service delivery. The successful execution of the first spinal surgery operation and the introduction of laser urethral stone procedures further underscore the hospital’s clinical capabilities.

The NCDC recognises the Molecular Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory at ATBUTH as a national surveillance system, thanks to its advanced sequencing equipment. The Lassa Fever Isolation Centre has recently invested in new dialysis machines, effectively reducing Lassa fever fatalities and positioning the centre as a leader in managing Lassa fever cases in Bauchi. The Pharmaceutical Production Unit has commenced making sanitisers and hydrogen, contributing to the hospital’s competence in pharmaceutical manufacturing.

ATBUTH Bauchi has launched an Emergency Medical Service and Ambulance System equipped with a highly responsive team to provide effective emergency medical assistance. The Geriatric Management Centre is set to commence home services, focusing on the well-being of elderly individuals. The implementation of the Electronic Medical Record System has significantly reduced patient waiting times, improving overall service delivery. The established Oxygen Plant has become an independent supplier, reliably providing oxygen to Bauchi and its neighbouring states.

The management team at ATBUTH, under Prof. Jibrin’s visionary leadership, has transformed the hospital into a beacon of excellence in healthcare delivery, research, and training. Their collective efforts have propelled ATBUTH to new heights, ensuring it remains at the forefront of medical innovation and patient care.

As we acknowledge these achievements, we pray for continued success and growth for ATBUTH Bauchi. May their efforts be rewarded with further advancements and improved healthcare outcomes for the benefit of all.

Usman Abdullahi Koli wrote via mernoukoli@gmail.com.

By Mujahid Nasir Hussain

Diabetes Week is an annual event dedicated to raising awareness about diabetes and encouraging prevention and management strategies to support those living with the condition globally. As the world comes together for Diabetes Week 2024, observed from June 10th to 16th, communities, healthcare professionals, and organizations united in a series of events and campaigns to foster a deeper awareness and a proactive approach towards combating the condition.

According to the 2024 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) report, diabetes is a significant and growing global health issue affecting diverse regions and populations. Approximately 537 million adults (20-79 years) worldwide are living with diabetes, with this number expected to rise to 643 million by 2030 and 783 million by 2045. One of the major concerns regarding this increase is that Nigeria is among the countries facing such a significant rise, with current estimates showing millions affected and a substantial proportion of cases undiagnosed. Thus, there is a need for improved diabetes education, prevention programs, and accessible treatment options to combat this growing health crisis.

Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels. This occurs when the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Persistent high blood glucose can damage various organs and systems, leading to significant health complications. Although there are many forms of diabetes, according to numerous literature reports, there are generally three. Viz: Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes and Gestational diabetes.

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This destruction leads to little or no insulin production, crucial for regulating blood sugar levels. Individuals with Type 1 diabetes require lifelong insulin therapy, either through injections or an insulin pump, to manage their blood glucose levels. This type of diabetes often manifests in childhood or adolescence but can occur at any age. Symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, extreme fatigue, and blurred vision.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for about 90-95% of all diabetes cases. It occurs when the body becomes insulin resistant, or the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin. This condition is often associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and poor diet. Risk factors also include age, family history, and certain ethnic backgrounds. Symptoms are similar to Type 1 diabetes but may develop more slowly, making early detection and management crucial. Lifestyle changes, oral medications, and sometimes insulin therapy are used to manage Type 2 diabetes.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy when the body cannot produce enough insulin to meet the extra needs of pregnancy. This condition typically resolves after childbirth but increases the mother’s risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life. Gestational diabetes can lead to complications such as high birth weight, preterm birth, and increased risk of cesarean delivery. Managing gestational diabetes involves a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and monitoring blood sugar levels. In some cases, insulin therapy may be needed.

Diabetes Complications

Unmanaged diabetes can lead to severe and potentially life-threatening complications, emphasizing the importance of effective management. These complications include:

Cardiovascular Disease: People with diabetes have a higher risk of developing heart disease and stroke due to damaged blood vessels and nerves.

Neuropathy: High blood sugar levels can damage nerves, especially in the legs and feet, leading to pain, tingling, and even loss of sensation. Severe cases can result in foot ulcers and amputations.

Nephropathy: Diabetes is a leading cause of kidney disease, which can progress to kidney failure, requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Retinopathy: High blood sugar can damage the blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision problems and even blindness.

Skin Conditions: Diabetes can make individuals more prone to bacterial and fungal infections and other skin disorders.

Treatment Strategies for Diabetes

Effective diabetes management requires a multi-faceted approach that includes lifestyle changes, medication, regular monitoring, and education & support.

Lifestyle Modifications: Adopting a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins while reducing intake of processed foods and sugary beverages. Regular physical activity, such as walking, cycling, or swimming, is essential to help maintain a healthy weight and improve insulin sensitivity.

Medication: Treatment depends on the type of diabetes. For Type 1 diabetes, insulin therapy is essential. For Type 2 diabetes, oral medications like metformin or other hypoglycemics may be prescribed, and in some cases, insulin may be required.

Monitoring: Regular blood glucose monitoring ensures levels remain within the target range. Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) provide real-time data, allowing for better management and adjustment of treatment plans.

Education and Support: Diabetes education programs help individuals understand their condition, make informed decisions about their care, and provide emotional support. Support groups offer a platform to share experiences and coping strategies.

Mujahid Nasir Hussain is an undergraduate prize awardee for Physiology 2023, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. He wrote via mujahidhnasir@gmail.com.

By Aisha Musa Auyo

Hormones influence or determine a considerable percentage of our behaviours and physical appearance. If we say our hormones are what makes us, we won’t be exaggerating. Yet, we hardly discuss it. Yet very few know about it; very few believe in its impact. From genetics to behavioural scientists to physiologists and psychologists, these specialists believe in the power of hormones, especially in women. I will try my best to write in the simplest language possible so that I will not suffocate you with medical jargon.

Hormones are chemicals that coordinate different bodily functions by carrying messages through the blood to the various organs, the skin, muscles, and other tissues. Hormones are the signals that tell your body what to do and when to do it. There is no gainsaying, therefore, that hormones are essential for life and health. So far, scientists have identified over 50 hormones in the human body.

 Hormones control many bodily processes, including metabolism, homeostasis (constant internal balance), such as blood pressure and blood sugar regulation, fluid (water) and electrolyte balance, body temperature, growth and development. Hormones also affect sexual function, reproduction, sleep-wake cycle, and mood.

With hormones, a little bit goes a long way. Because of this, minor changes in levels can cause significant changes to your body and lead to certain conditions that require medical attention. The levels and nature of hormones in the body correlate with our moods, sense of smell, body odour, taste buds, thinking faculty, energy, and looks. 

In this week’s outing, I will start with women, as they are the gender whose hormones have a greater influence and impact on their lives. If you have a woman in your life, regardless of your relationship with her, know that hormones are constantly influencing her. 

Growing up and transitioning into a woman is a roller-coaster of emotional and physical changes. There will be noticeable differences in her attitude, looks, behaviour, and even how she smells. There will be irritability, sadness, and heightened or lowered confidence.

Women have heightened hormonal influence during certain periods. When she grows from a girl to an adult, when she’s ovulating, and at different times when she is on her monthly period. There is a hormonal influence in pregnancy when she is breastfeeding and when she is using hormonal contraceptives. There is yet another hormonal issue at menopause, just as it is at adolescence. 

A few days to menstrual onset (ovulation periods), a woman experiences a libido boost, appetite changes, heightened sense of smell and mood changes…usually in a good mood. But, during the onset of their period, a woman will experience cramps, dizziness, bloating, acne breakout, feeling tired, and mood swings…sadness, anger and anxiety. It isjust a roller-coaster of feelings and emotions. 

When pregnant (this should be a topic of its own), a woman is most likely to experience, among other things, morning sickness, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting; strange food cravings; fatigue; heightened sense of smell; forgetfulness; lack of patience; and crying for no explicit reasons. Bro, be patient and empathic; it’s beyond her. 

Then there comes the postpartum and breastfeeding period, which is associated with crying, difficulty in making decisions, lack of sleep or oversleeping, tiredness, mood swings, etc. Not infrequently, a woman may fall into depression at this phase. 

Then, there are issues relating to the use of contraceptives. These range from headache, migraine, acne, weight loss or gain, hair loss, smooth skin, dryness, and mood swings. The signs are numerous, depending on the woman and the type of contraceptives used.

Then, there is the advent of menopause, which comes with palpitations, hot or cold flashes, difficulty sleeping, tiredness and irritability, dryness and a whole lot of other changes.

Have you ever noticed how a woman can be so lovely today and nasty the next day for no reason? Have you ever seen a woman cry just like that? Have you ever seen a woman with clear skin today and skin full of rashes or acne tomorrow? Have you ever noticed that a woman can be thin today and bloated the day after? Know that these amazing, dramatic transformations result from the interplay of hormones. You have to be tolerant, understanding, and kind.

As a husband, father, son, brother, or friend, you need to understand the complexities of hormones in women to a certain level. This will help you make informed decisions about certain behaviours. This might help explain some oddities in women’s behaviour you experience or notice. The knowledge will help you and be the person she needs during those trying periods.

Sometimes, all a woman needs is space, silence, patience, kind words, empathy, massages, or a shoulder to cry on (that is, if she’s your wife, yauwa!). Chocolates, a listening ear, a credit alert (LOL!), hot tea, a pain killer, or taking her on a walk may be the healing or soothing balm.

The above is just a summary of what women go through. I will expound on each stage in subsequent editions, each stage as a topic of itself, and see how we can navigate through each milestone of hormonal symphony and the complexities of women’s health and emotions. Insha Allah.

Dear reader, but do you know that men, too, have hormones and emotional issues which we overlook? From childhood to adolescence and adulthood, men also come under certain societal expectations and pressure to suppress their feelings. I will try to summarise that in my next article.

Aisha Musa Auyo is a Doctorate researcher in Educational Psychology, a wife, a mother of three, a homemaker, a chef, and a parenting/ relationship coach. She can be reached via aishamuauyo@live.co.uk.

By Mujahid Nasir Hussain

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is characterized by persistent rising blood pressure levels in the arteries. It is often referred to as the “silent killer” because it presents no symptoms until significant damage to the cardiovascular system is achieved. This menace is a paramount health concern, affecting millions of people worldwide and contributing to a high risk of premature mortality. Therefore, as we marked World Hypertension Day on 17th May, raising awareness about this epidemic is very important. Raising awareness about hypertension is essential in combating this global concern as it will go a long way in educating the public about its dangers and causes and the importance of regular monitoring and early intervention.

Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the arteries. It is measured in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg) and recorded with two numbers: systolic pressure (the pressure when the heart contracts) and diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart relaxes). According to a lot of literature, normal systolic blood pressure in young adults is within the 90- 120 mmHg range, and diastolic blood pressure is within the 60- 90 mmHg range. Thus, it’s important to note that this value increases beyond the normal limit and consequently results in hypertension.

Hypertension is of two types: Primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension accounts for about 85-90% of hypertension cases and develops gradually over many years. While other complications do not cause primary hypertension, the secondary type is always associated with underlying health conditions such as Kidney disease, Toxemia during pregnancy, etc.

The World Health Organization (WHO) reported hypertension as a global health issue, estimating that over 1.13 billion people worldwide suffer from it currently. Consequently, it is responsible for an estimated 7.5 million deaths annually, accounting for about 12.8% of all deaths. Its prevalence is increasing, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria, where health systems often struggle to diagnose and manage the condition effectively. In high-income countries, phishing awareness regarding its treatment rates is generally higher. However, even with that, the condition remains a significant health concern as a result of lifestyle factors such as poor dietary intake, physical inactivity, and high rates of obesity among individuals.

Several factors contributing to the development of hypertension include Genetic factors, Dietary habits, obesity, alcohol and tobacco use, stress, etc.

*Genetic Factors: Family history plays a vital role in the risk of developing hypertension. This means that if one or both parents have high blood pressure, the percentage of their offspring developing the condition is high.

Dietary Habits: Diets high in sodium (salt) and saturated fats are strongly associated with high blood pressure. Excessive salt intake can cause the body to retain water, leading to increased blood pressure.

 Obesity: Individuals with body mass index above 30kg/m² are at high risk of developing hypertension. Obesity often results in increased resistance in the blood vessels, making it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently, resulting in high blood pressure.

Alcohol and Tobacco Use: High alcohol consumption and tobacco use are also contributing towards the development of hypertension. Alcohol can raise blood pressure by several mechanisms, such as stimulating the sympathetic nervous system. At the same time, smoking is associated with causing damage to the vessel walls, leading to increased blood pressure.

Stress: Prolonged stress can also contribute to the development of hypertension. Stress-related behaviours, such as inappropriate lifestyle modification, further attenuate the risk.

Age and Gender: As age progresses, so does the risk of developing hypertension. Men are generally at higher risk at a younger age compared to women. Still, the risk for women increases and often surpasses that of men after menopause as a result of hormonal withdrawal.

Some of the consequences of uncontrolled hypertension include Heart failure, Stroke, Kidney damage, vision loss, aneurysms, etc. Therefore, managing and preventing it requires a multi-faceted approach, such as lifestyle modifications, regular monitoring, and medication when necessary.

Some of the lifestyle modifications that need to be adopted to mitigate the effects of hypertension include:

Healthy Diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help manage blood pressure.

Exercise: Regular physical activity, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming, can help lower blood pressure.

Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for controlling blood pressure. A small amount of weight loss can profoundly reduce blood pressure levels in overweight or obese individuals.

Limitation of Alcohol Consumption and Tobacco Use: Reducing alcohol intake and quitting smoking can have a significant positive impact on blood pressure and overall body health.

Stress Reduction: Stress-reducing techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, and deep-breathing exercises can help manage blood pressure. Ensuring adequate sleeping hours and managing work-life balance are also important.

Regular Monitoring: Regular blood pressure checks are crucial, especially for individuals with risk factors for hypertension. Home blood pressure monitors can help people keep track of their levels and detect any changes early.

Even with all the lifestyle modifications mentioned above, those changes alone may not be enough to control blood pressure for some individuals. In such cases, healthcare providers may prescribe antihypertensive medications. However, following the prescribed treatment strategies and attending regular follow-up appointments is essential.

Mujahid Nasir Hussain wrote via mujahidhnasir@gmail.com.

By Najeeb Maigatari

The recent Zionist Israeli regime’s serial attacks on defenceless Palestinians in Rafah, a city in the Southern Gaza Strip, is an issue of serious concern that should never be swept under the carpet. The gory pictures making the rounds on social media platforms are horrifyingly disturbing, to say the least.

What was once a shelter for homeless Palestinians- courtesy of the Israeli regime’s act of terror on the former- is now turned into a slaughterhouse. According to the Director of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), all the 36 shelters established for Palestinian refugees in Rafah are now empty. People have either been killed or fled.

Since the beginning of this heinous act, the hashtag #AllEyesOnRafah has been trending and has been shared by millions of people across social media platforms to highlight the imperative of putting an end to the continued suffering of the Palestinian people.

The attack on Rafah is a continuation of a decades-long act of usurper terrorism and settler-colonialism aimed at pushing for the heinous agenda of Zionist Imperialist expansionism right at the heart of Palestinian land, a holy place for Muslims, Christians and Orthodox Jews alike. Since July of the previous year, the illegitimate state of Israel has ruthlessly intensified its attacks on the defenceless Palestinians, this time in particular targeting hospitals, schools, worship centres, and refugee camps.

The United Nations Office on Palestinian Affairs has put the death toll from this heinous crime to around 34,000 people. However, according to a report from the Gazan Ministry of Health (MOH), no fewer than 36,756 have been killed since the beginning of the operation. Nevertheless, the figures underscore the true extent of the ongoing Israeli genocide in various Palestinian territories.

According to another report from UNICEF, children account for over 40% of the mass casualties. This is to say for every 100 people killed, over 40 of them are children. Indeed, Palestine is a grave for women and children. Nowadays, few children live to witness their first birthdays, courtesy of the murderous Israeli regime.

It is worth noting that the deafening silence of the international community on this issue of magnanimous human rights violations is a shame on us all. Under our watch, the Illegitimate state of Israel is waging an all-out war against innocent Palestinians – on their own land – in a bid to expand their settler-colonialist agenda.

We all have a responsibility toward the oppressed people of Palestine. Now that the Israeli regime has shown that it has no regard for international laws, as it continued its terrorist operations in complete disregard for all known such laws and provisions, here are some ways we can help the people of Palestine:

We can engage in demonstrations/rallies/sit-ins in our workplaces, worship centres, schools, streets, etc., to show our solidarity with the oppressed people of Palestine. This should also send a clear message to the Israeli regime and its allies that the teeming world of humanity is watching them and will no longer sit idly as innocent Palestinians are massacred in cold blood.

In addition, we can demand and mount pressure on our governments to cut all diplomatic ties and stop all economic dealings with the murderous, illegitimate Israeli regime; and to officially recognize the regime as the terrorist state that they truly are! Our countries should borrow a leaf from such countries as Spain, Norway and Ireland, who have recently followed the footsteps of other dozen countries that cut off all ties with Israel and officially recognize the Palestinian state.

We can also demand that the International Community impose sanctions against Israeli officials for their unspeakable war crimes against innocent Palestinian civilians. In the same vein, an economic blockade should be enforced on the very organizations that fund the activities of the terrorist Israeli Defense Forces (IDF).

Furthermore, we can boycott all products produced by Israel and the companies that support or fund their act of terrorism. This will cause a huge economic blow to the murderous regime and will hamper their ability to locally produce or buy arms which they use to kill innocent and defenceless Palestinian civilians.

At the individual level, we can contribute to the Palestinian struggle for freedom and the right to self-determination by sending relief aid either directly (through reliable #GoFundMe projects) or through their representatives in various countries. We can also help raise awareness by joining campaigns on social and print media regarding the flight of the Palestinian people.

What is happening in Palestine is arguably the worst humanitarian crisis of our time. Our silence is giving way to more Israeli genocide. We are enablers of this very crime against humanity until we wake up and do the needful. As the South African anti-apartheid movement leader Nelson Mandela rightly puts it during his Presidential inaugural speech in 1994: “We know too well that our Freedom is incomplete without the freedom of the Palestinian people”.

Najeeb Maigatari wrote via maigatari313@gmail.com.

By Uzair Adam Imam

After enduring 17 years of chronic groin inflammation, a 72-year-old man in Switzerland finally found relief.

Doctors at University Hospital Basel identified the cause as a parasitic infection contracted through mosquito bites decades earlier.

The man, who remained anonymous, suffered significant swelling in his penis, scrotum, and left leg.

Doctors noted severe inflammation upon examination, with bloodwork showing double the normal levels.

Further investigation revealed microscopic worms responsible for lymphatic filariasis.

An antibody test confirmed the presence of Wuchereria bancrofti, transmitted through mosquito bites.

These worms hatch in the bloodstream, travel through the lymph system, and cause swelling.

Treatment with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole proved effective, with the man’s symptoms completely resolving within two months.

This case, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, emphasizes the importance of seeking medical attention for persistent and unusual symptoms, regardless of embarrassment.