Opinion

By Abdurrahman uba wada

Maiduguri, the capital of Nigeria’s Borno State, experienced severe flooding following the collapse of the Alau Dam. The disaster submerged homes, displaced families, and crippled vital infrastructure, creating a crisis of historic proportions.

Aisha Mohammed, a resident of the hard-hit Gwange area, described the rapid onset of the floodwaters, which left little time for her family to escape. Neighbourhoods like Fori, Galtimari, and Bulabulin were severely affected.

State Commissioner for Information and Internal Security, Usman Tar, issued an urgent evacuation order, stressing the importance of moving to higher ground immediately. This event echoed the 1994 Alau Dam failure that submerged half the city. Prof. Ibra Baba Goni, a hydrologist at the University of Maiduguri, emphasised the dam’s critical role in flood control, water supply, and irrigation.

Local authorities and the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) worked tirelessly to respond, but the scale of the disaster was overwhelming. Flooding disrupted water supply, paralysed transportation, and forced school and business closures. Climate change played a significant role.

Prof. Peter Akpodiogaga-a Ovuyovwiroye Odjugo from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) noted a 20% increase in extreme rainfall events over the past decade. Maiduguri’s situation was particularly dire due to strained infrastructure from years of conflict.

Relief efforts continued, with experts considering long-term solutions like upgrading the dam, improving drainage, and relocating vulnerable communities. Community spirit remained strong, with local youth groups assisting evacuations and neighbouring states pledging support. The Borno State Emergency Management Agency established relief centres, accepting food, water, and medical supply donations.

The Alau Dam collapse highlighted Maiduguri’s vulnerability to natural disasters. As waters receded, the city faced rebuilding and reimagining a resilient future.

By Usman Abdullahi Koli, ANIPR 

In recent days, a deeply troubling trend has emerged across Northern Nigeria, posing significant threats to the region’s cultural and religious values. The widespread sharing of explicit videos on social media, particularly involving young women and even some public figures, has become a glaring concern. 

Platforms like TikTok and others, once heralded for fostering connection and creativity, have instead become vehicles for spreading inappropriate content, undermining our society’s foundation of moral values. This surge in immoral behaviour, coupled with the increasing acceptance of homosexuality, has shaken the Hausa community and the wider Northern Nigerian populace, challenging the region’s long-held traditions and values.

The cultural landscape of Northern Nigeria, built upon the principles of modesty, family honour, and religious piety, is now facing an unprecedented moral challenge. The platforms meant to uplift and connect opened doors for behaviours that deeply conflict with societal norms. The impact is felt by the individuals whose private lives are exposed, and their families suffer great shame, dishonour, and social rejection. In our conservative culture, where family honour holds immense weight, such incidents leave scars that can last generations.

The trauma experienced by the victims of these scandals is profound. These young individuals—many of whom are our sisters, nieces, and neighbours—face a harrowing journey of social alienation, emotional distress, and, at times, extreme psychological harm. Many become pariahs in their communities, carrying the burden of shame for something often beyond their control. The emotional fallout extends far beyond the individual, reaching into the lives of their families, who must endure the humiliation and stigma of public disgrace. In many cases, these families are ostracised, their reputations tarnished, and the emotional pain magnified by societal rejection.

Celebrities, who once stood as role models in the region, are now increasingly caught in public scandals. Pursuing fame and social media attention has driven many into compromising situations where private missteps become public spectacles. However, this issue is not limited to public figures. Individuals, particularly the youth, fall victim to the same trend every day. With explicit content becoming a misguided path to popularity, the consequences for these young men and women are devastating. They are lured by social media’s fleeting attention and false validation, only to face lifelong consequences.

This cultural shift highlights the urgent need for action. The Northern region has always prided itself on its deep-rooted values, with religious and community leaders playing a pivotal role in upholding societal norms. It is now more crucial than ever for these leaders to address the current moral decay head-on. Sermons in mosques, community dialogues, and family interventions must be leveraged to instil the principles of modesty, self-discipline, and respect for personal and communal dignity. Our traditional and religious leaders must take charge of restoring our moral compass.

In addition, government action is essential. The laws concerning cybercrimes must be revisited and strengthened to address this modern menace. In collaboration with cybersecurity experts, law enforcement must actively track down perpetrators and hold them accountable for their actions.

The North has a rich history of valuing human dignity, and it cannot afford to watch idly as the viral spread of immoral content erodes this dignity. Efforts should be made to regulate social media platforms with stricter controls to prevent the proliferation of explicit content. The government must work alongside tech experts and media platforms to introduce more stringent oversight mechanisms.

Furthermore, education is key in combating this growing trend. Our youth, the future of Northern Nigeria, must be educated about the consequences of their online actions. Digital literacy programs, responsible internet use workshops and safety awareness campaigns must be rolled out to ensure that young people understand the permanence of their actions in the digital world. They must be taught to value their privacy, dignity, and the cultural norms passed down through generations.

At the heart of this crisis is a deeper cultural challenge. As we embrace modernity and technology, we must not lose sight of the cultural and religious values that define us. The youth must be reminded of their responsibilities to themselves, their families, their communities, and their faith. The glorification of immoral behaviour on social media, driven by the pursuit of viral fame, is a dangerous trend that must be reversed.

The current situation is a collective societal issue that requires a united front. Everyone, from religious leaders to parents and government officials to the tech community, has a role to play in addressing this growing menace. Preserving our moral and cultural fabric depends on our ability to act swiftly and decisively. We must safeguard our values and protect our youth from the dangers of a world that increasingly disregards modesty, respect, and human dignity.

The Northern Nigerian community cannot afford to sit idly by as its values are eroded. The trauma inflicted on the victims of these scandals is real, but with decisive action, future incidents can be prevented. It is up to all of us to reclaim our moral values, protect our cultural heritage, and ensure that the youth are guided toward a future grounded in respect, honour, and integrity.

Usman Abdullahi Koli wrote via mernoukoli@gmail.com.

By Zainab Abubakar Abba

The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized many aspects of our lives, from healthcare and finance to transportation and education.

As AI systems become increasingly sophisticated, the ethical implications of their development and deployment have sparked intense debate.

The ethics of AI are complex and multifaceted, raising fundamental questions about the nature of intelligence, autonomy, and human responsibility.

One of the primary concerns surrounding AI is its potential impact on human agency. As machines assume tasks traditionally performed by humans, there is a risk that individuals will become increasingly dependent on technology, relinquishing control over critical decision-making processes. This could lead to a loss of autonomy, as humans become relegated to secondary roles, with AI systems dictating the terms of our interactions.

Furthermore, AI systems are only as unbiased as the data used to train them. If this data is tainted by existing societal prejudices, AI will perpetuate and amplify these inequalities, exacerbating issues such as racial and gender discrimination.

For instance, facial recognition algorithms have been shown to exhibit racial biases, misidentifying individuals from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Similarly, AI-powered hiring tools have been found to favor male candidates over female ones.

Another critical issue is accountability. As AI systems assume greater autonomy, it becomes increasingly challenging to assign responsibility for their actions. In the event of an AI-related accident or malfunction, who bears the blame: the developer, the user, or the machine itself? This ambiguity undermines the principles of moral accountability, creating a regulatory vacuum that must be addressed.

The potential consequences of advanced AI are equally unsettling. The prospect of superintelligent machines capable of surpassing human intelligence raises existential questions about humanity’s future. Will these machines prioritize human well-being, or will they pursue goals inimical to our interests? The lack of clarity surrounding AI’s long-term goals and motivations necessitates cautious consideration.

To mitigate these risks, developers and policymakers must prioritize transparency, explainability, and accountability in AI development. This involves implementing rigorous testing protocols, ensuring diversity in training data sets, and establishing clear guidelines for AI decision-making.

Moreover, ongoing dialog between stakeholders—including developers, ethicists, policymakers, and the public—is essential for fostering a shared understanding of AI’s ethical implications.

Ultimately, the ethics of artificial intelligence are inextricably linked to our collective values and aspirations. As we navigate this uncharted territory, we must recognize that AI is not a neutral entity but a reflection of our own biases, strengths, and weaknesses. By acknowledging these complexities and engaging in thoughtful deliberation, we can harness AI’s transformative potential while safeguarding human dignity and agency.

Zainab Abubakar Abba wrote from Bayero University, Kano, via zainababba19@yahoo.com.

By Fatimat Ibrahim Abedoh,

In 2022, Crystal Asige, a visually impaired woman, was nominated to the 4th Senate in Kenya’s 13th Parliament to represent people with disabilities and special interest groups. Picked by the Orange Democratic Party (ODM), she was sworn in alongside 66 other Senators on September 8, 2022. 

Despite her disability, Asige was seen for her potential and allowed to thrive, becoming a role model for many in similar circumstances. She has been excelling ever since. In contrast, Nigeria has a significant population of about 35 million people with disabilities, yet they are still mistreated, shunned, and disregarded. 

No public space, transit system, or infrastructure in Nigeria is designed with PWDs in mind, reflecting the height of their struggles. It is no secret that life in Nigeria is challenging, but for PWDs, it is twice as difficult.

PWDs in Nigeria face numerous challenges and barriers to full inclusion and participation in society, issues that are not discussed enough. Individuals, private organisations, and public institutions are often unwelcoming, making it difficult for PWDs to thrive in all aspects of life. 

This lack of accessibility constrains their potential and strips them of the platform to live and contribute meaningfully to society—whether in education, politics, employment, or social activities.

Their fundamental human rights are severely violated, as being disabled often equates to being treated as less than human. This is why many PWDs resort to begging for survival. But they need more than a pity party; they deserve respect and inclusion.

Recently, a PWD faced discrimination at an eatery. Adebola Daniel, son of former Ogun State Governor Gbenga Daniel, recounted his humiliating experience at the KFC outlet in the Murtala Muhammed Airport via his X handle (@DebolaDaniel). A wheelchair user, Daniel described the incident as the worst public humiliation he had ever faced. 

He explained that due to the out-of-service lift to the airport lounge, he decided to wait at the KFC outlet with his wife and three brothers. However, this simple choice turned into a “colossal mistake,” as he put it.

His tweets partly read: “Being disabled often rolls over my spirit, leaving behind a trail of shattered dignity and forgotten humanity. Nowhere more so than in Nigeria. To be disabled in Nigeria is to be undesirable, unwelcome, and unaccepted… Today, I faced the worst sort of public humiliation that I have ever experienced. To think that this happened at an international brand, KFC, at an international airport – Murtala Muhammed Airport, Lagos – is unthinkable.”

Daniel’s case gained public attention, mainly because of his family background, prompting the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN) to shut down the outlet and demand an apology. But what about the millions of other PWDs who have faced similar or worse situations? Who listens to them, and who takes action on their behalf?

Since Asige entered the Senate in Kenya, she has been able to sponsor three bills that the Kenyan government has enforced, all tailored to the interests and welfare of persons with disabilities. These are the Persons with Disabilities Bill 2023, the Kenyan Sign Language Bill 2023, and the Startup Bill 2022. 

She continues to work in the interest of Kenyan youths and those across Africa. In Nigeria, former President Muhammadu Buhari passed the Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities (Prohibition) Act into law in 2018. Yet, six years later, it has not been fully implemented.

Adequate funding for education, assistive technology, and other essential resources for PWDs is urgently needed. Nigeria practices representative democracy, and PWDs deserve to be heard, seen and listened to. They need representation in the Senate or the House of Representatives to amplify their voices. 

PWDs are capable of much more than their disabilities, and no one can represent them better than one of their own.

Fatimat Ibrahim Abedoh is a fellow at PR Nigeria’s Young Communication Fellowship.

By Habibu Bawa 

Banditry is fast becoming a household name in Nigeria. The  Northwest and parts of north-central Nigeria have been the worst hit since 2012.

Fast forward, bandits have attacked numerous communities across Nigeria, destroying a lot of homes, farms, and markets, killing and kidnapping in schools and highways, which made life unbearable for rural and semi-urban communities. 

According to Ibrahim Dosara, former Commissioner of Information in Zamfara State, between 2011 and 2019, bandits killed at least 2,619 people, kidnapped 1,190, and maimed and displaced hundreds of thousands in Zamfara State alone.

Many describe these attacks as an escalation of farmer-herder conflicts, ethno-religious crises, or a result of population pressure and climate change, which made former President Muhammadu Buhari propose 10,000 hectares per state for rural grazing areas, although unsuccessful, and President Tinubu’s Ministry for Livestock Development.

While past and current governments have made efforts to address banditry, little has been done to support the victims or tackle the root causes of the issue. For successful disease control, the pathogens, vectors, and symptoms have to be addressed while measures are taken to boost the immune system.

For example, the government often mobilises troops, which is usually announced and broadcasted after media reports of bandit attacks. Meanwhile, victims are left to languish in IDP camps. This situation is akin to guarding stables after the horses have escaped.

After each attack, the once agrarian victims battle scanty food, inadequate water supply, and diseases, while some state governments grant amnesty to bandits, leaving victims with only empty promises to rebuild their lives.

Nigeria has helped several other African countries in peacebuilding and peacekeeping, which proves Nigeria’s ability to curtail whatever crisis may arise internally. Thus, banditry is not beyond its control, but success requires sincerity of purpose and decisive actions.

First, the government should use every available means to block arms and ransoms from bandits, as ransom fuels banditry while firearms drive it. A 2019 research by Beacon Consults found over 6 million firearms in circulation in Nigeria, with only one-tenth in the hands of federal security agents. Communities should be educated on the effects of ransom, and severe punishments should be imposed on those who pay ransom.

Secondly, victims should be allowed to exercise their natural right to self-defence, and any funds earmarked for negotiating with bandits should be redirected toward rebuilding the lives and communities of the victims.

Lastly, the government should identify and eliminate bandit sponsors, sympathisers, negotiators, informants, trainers, and advisers. This will hinder the bandits’ ability to recruit, escape, re-strategize, or ethnicise their atrocities.

To end banditry, bandits must be treated as terrorists. Banditry is the greatest threat to Nigeria’s sovereignty today. The military should be well-equipped and deployed to take decisive action. A repentant bandit is one who has joined his ancestors.

Habibu Bawa is a fellow of the PR Nigeria Young Communication Fellowship.

Dear Sir,

I hope this message finds you well. I write to bring to your attention the constant road traffic accidents at the Malam-Inna junction along Gombe State University’s second gate. 

Sir, in less than two days, I’ve witnessed about two fatal road traffic accidents at that junction. Although no life was lost, the degree of injuries was sustained by the casualties. Some were taken to hospital in a stupor. 

Within my few weeks of staying in Gombe, I observed that Malam-Inna junction isn’t the only place witnessing incessant road traffic accidents but an extensively considerable number of roads in Gombe. This is because of motorists’ high rate of reckless driving in the city of Gombe. 

Motorists are driving at high speed, jeopardising people’s lives and properties daily. However, most road users in Gombe drive aggressively and don’t care about committing traffic offences. These problems are escalating daily, and if care isn’t taken, they will become a calamity to the good people of Gombe state. 

Sir, as a father and commander in charge of the affairs of Gombe State, I believe you have a responsibility to protect your people. Protection of people isn’t limited to exterminating criminality in society but also to eradicating every act that will likely affect the well-being of the people. Road safety legitimately falls into this category.

To sum up, your Excellency needs to create a legislative framework that will govern the behaviour of road users in Gombe State. This should be done by establishing a new agency that will be saddled with the responsibility of enforcing traffic laws among road users in Gombe State. 

The new agency should develop practical traffic laws that align with the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSCN) to curtail reckless driving and traffic offences and enhance both motorists’ and pedestrians’ safety in Gombe State.

The creation of this agency will help promote a culture of respect and responsibility between road users. The agency should be charged with punishing traffic law offenders using fines, license seizure, and prosecution. This will improve adherence to traffic laws and, subsequently, the state’s IGR.

When established, the new agency will create jobs among the Gombe youths and play a vital role in managing the flow of vehicles and busy roads in Gombe State.

Traffic rules are necessities that governments must enforce to ensure a secure and orderly atmosphere for their people. 

Road safety is paramount. As a concerned leader who genuinely cares for his people, I am optimistic that you’ll urgently investigate this matter and take the necessary action. 

Thank you, and God bless.

Sunusi Abubakar Birnin Kudu wrote from Arawa B. Gombe State via muhammadsunusi29@gmail.com.

By Aisha Musa Auyo 

Hormones influence a considerable percentage of our behaviours and physical appearance. If we say our hormones are what make us, we won’t be exaggerating. Yet we hardly discuss it; thus, only a few know about it or believe in it.

Hormones regulate critical bodily functions such as metabolism, blood pressure, growth, reproduction, and mood. Even small changes in hormone levels can significantly impact our health, affecting everything from sleep and energy to appearance and cognitive function.

I’ve summarised the explanation in the most straightforward language possible so that I wouldn’t suffocate you with medical jargon. As promised, this outing is about male hormones…Finally.

Puberty in boys, typically starting between ages 9 and 14, is driven by hormonal changes, mainly testosterone. This triggers physical changes like increased sweating, acne, voice deepening, growth spurts, and the onset of sexual attraction. Emotionally, boys may experience mood swings, irritability, and seek independence.

Because they sweat a lot due to changes in their hormones and physical activities, they are bound to smell. This is one of the best times to ensure that they master personal hygiene, as they’re too old to be bathed by their mothers. Do this, and his wife will thank you later.

Teenage boys should learn about Islamic teachings on wet dreams and ritual baths. They should also learn about weekly shaving, the use of deodorants and perfumes, proper bathing, and washing underwear and sportswear as regularly as possible. 

At this crucial stage, parental support is vital. Don’t ignore and assume that boys don’t need attention and sympathy. They need it as much as their female counterparts. Parents should be patient, encourage open communication, set healthy boundaries, and model empathy. Ensure a healthy lifestyle with proper nutrition, regular exercise, and adequate sleep (at least 8 hours).

This is the phase when boys are likely to succumb to peer pressure and are likely to experiment on good, bad, and ugly, as they are fearless and careless. Parents should pay attention and make efforts to curb the impact of peer pressure, sexual attraction, and risky behaviours by monitoring their (a) friends, (b) how they use social media, (c) discussing the consequences of actions and inactions, and, (d) most importantly, prayers and setting a positive example. 

Parents should also promote emotional intelligence by having heart-to-heart talks with their male children, validating their feelings, and encouraging open expression. This gesture will go a long way in teaching them about expressing their feelings, listening to others, and communication in general.

Puberty is a crucial stage in a boy’s life, shaping both his body and mind. With patience, understanding, and the proper guidance, parents can help their sons navigate this period confidently, setting the foundation for healthy adulthood.

Men’s hormone levels stabilise in early adulthood, peaking in testosterone around age 20 and growth hormone around 25. After age 30, testosterone decreases by 1% annually, and growth hormone declines by 2-5% every five years. Cortisol, the “stress hormone,” and melatonin, which regulates sleep, become important for well-being.

During fatherhood, testosterone may drop, potentially reducing aggression and libido. In midlife, decreases in aldosterone and growth hormones can affect blood pressure and muscle mass. In late life, low testosterone impacts sperm quality and fertility. Ageing men should also monitor glucocorticoid and insulin levels, as imbalances can affect metabolism, memory, and diabetes risk.

Let me share some fundamental secrets with you. While women’s hormonal rollercoasters are quite pronounced, men’s hormone levels are mostly stable. However, the productivity, compassion, and cooperation of a boy-cum-man are boosted when they feel accepted, respected, appreciated, admired, and validated. 

Lack or shortage of the abovementioned elements will make a man’s emotions unpredictable. It will trigger reactions similar to women experiencing hormonal changes and mood swings.

We need to know how to treat the male gender with these measures from childhood. It’s the only way to get them to do what is desired of them. Naturally, that’s how our Creator made them. 

Being treated with respect and admiration will make a man (and a boy) drop his ego and defences without even knowing it. (Just like how love and caring open a woman’s heart and make her drop defences). Au, na tuna, this outing is for za other gender ko? LOL!

Anyway, as wives and mothers, knowing this will go a long way in helping us in our relationships with husbands, male children, and the other gender in general.

Aisha Musa Auyo is a Doctorate researcher in Educational Psychology. A wife, a mother, a homemaker, caterer, parenting, and relationship coach. She can be reached via aishamuauyo@live.co.uk.

By Bilal Muhammad Bello (BMB)

It is widely recognised across Kano State that the 44 LGA Day Technical Schools have been abandoned and remain under incomplete construction. These schools were established in 2012 during the second tenure of former Governor Senator Rabi’u Musa Kwankwaso. 

The initial progress on these schools was swift under Kwankwaso’s administration. However, the subsequent government, led by former Governor Dr. Abdullahi Umar Ganduje, halted the continuation of the project.

The abandonment of these schools has not only led to their physical decay but also created opportunities for theft and vandalism, with some individuals stealing materials from the school premises. The neglected sites have also become hubs for illicit activities, posing a threat to the safety and well-being of the surrounding communities.

It is crucial to bring this matter to the attention of His Excellency, Engineer Abba Kabir Yusuf, the current Governor of Kano State. Your commitment to advancing education in both urban and rural areas, particularly through the construction of classroom blocks, the reduction of registration fees for higher education institutions, and the provision of postgraduate scholarships, is commendable and has garnered praise from Kano residents and visitors alike.

During your 2019 and 2023 gubernatorial campaigns, you pledged to resume work on the 44 LGA Day Technical Schools. I respectfully appeal to your administration to take swift action to complete these schools. By doing so, you will transform these temporary sites into permanent institutions, ensuring they fulfil their original purpose and preventing further loss of valuable materials.

Bilal Muhammad Bello (BMB) wrote from Mass Communication, Bayero University Kano.

By Zainab Haruna Shittu

The economic downturn in Nigeria has reached alarming proportions, leaving no one unscathed. The youth, particularly university students, face unprecedented hardships. Financial constraints, food insecurity, and limited access to resources have become the norm for many Nigerian university students.

Research has shown that economic hardship profoundly impacts students’ academic performance and mental health. A National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) study reveals that poverty and hunger are major factors contributing to students’ poor academic performance. Similarly, a report by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) highlights the devastating effects of food insecurity on students’ mental health.

For many students, the struggle is personal. “Academic pressure mounts, but hunger weighs heavier. I’m constantly worried about where my next meal will come from,” confesses a 21-year-old student who wished to remain anonymous.

Another student echoes this sentiment. “I struggle to focus in class because I’m constantly worried about where my next meal will come from. My parents’ hard work doesn’t pay enough to sustain us, leaving me hungry and stressed. The toll on my mental health is overwhelming,” shares a 20-year-old university student.

To mitigate the effects of economic hardship on university students, policymakers and stakeholders must prioritise education and food security. This requires collaborative efforts, including government support for education and food programs, increased scholarships and financial aid, improved access to mental health resources, and community-based initiatives for food security.

Nigeria’s economic woes have far-reaching consequences, affecting various sectors, including education. University students deserve support and resources to thrive. It is imperative that we prioritise their well-being and future.

Zainab Haruna Shittu wrote from Bayero University, Kano, via harunazainabshittu7567@gmail.com. 

Dear Nigerians,  

1. May God have mercy on you! Your country’s name evokes the abundance of the River Niger, symbolising the endless resources and talents you possess. This nation is blessed with natural wealth and human potential that garners admiration and envy worldwide. 

2. Yet, tears fall when we consider the mismanagement, waste, and looting of this vibrant nation. It’s disheartening to see Nigerian youths unaware of the treasures surrounding them. Who will inherit this great wealth? Where are the competent young leaders to take over when the current generation finally acknowledges its fatigue?

3.  An effective national curriculum should focus on the aspirations and values of the youth. Nigerian youths should be more than seekers of white-collar jobs; they should harness the nation’s real wealth. Ignorance of one’s resources is a grave form of slavery. The curriculum must evolve to cultivate dignity and progress, preparing future nation-builders.

4. Imagine if Nigerians refrained from destructive desires, top to bottom. These desires only ruin their possessors and the entire nation, destabilising not just Nigeria but the region. What would be lost if corruption ceased? Crimes harm the country and ultimately lead to personal ruin.

5. Despite challenges, Nigeria still holds immense potential if its people unite in nation-building. Respect and kindness across ethnic lines won’t harm anyone. Being good neighbours to one another will ensure that no one suffers amid abundance.

6. It’s not easy to forget historical hurts, but healing is necessary to dream big. I dream of a Nigeria that sheds its negative image and becomes a beacon of resilience, talent, and beauty. We can achieve this dream with patience, optimism, and the will to be good.

7. Let the brave ones from every region come forward. Whether in rags or adorned in gold, it’s the mind that matters. Your willingness to embrace reform reflects the people’s hope. Learn about your nation, not just from social media but from its history and potential.

8. There is hope for Nigeria. Nations with more severe problems have risen. Remember, you hold the most powerful office: the Office of the Citizen. Decorate it with action, not despair. If Nigeria isn’t working, it’s because we aren’t working.

9. Weak minds say, “There is no hope.” Strong minds respond, “We have work to do.” Nigeria is the office of every Nigerian. If progress is absent, it’s because we aren’t active. Be inspired and make progress in Nigeria, which is your first concern.

10. Nigeria has served as a beacon of hope for other nations and has the potential to do so again. I have witnessed the kindness, wisdom, and vision of many Nigerians. Goodness is locked within the nation—are you the one to awaken it?

11. If you are, be patient. Don’t let anger or frustration lead to violence. Dedicate yourself to the dream of reform, and one day, you will wipe away the tears of your people.

12. Praise God for making you a Nigerian. Reform begins with you. Even if you only change one person, the impact will be immeasurable. Don’t give up if you find people obsessed with crime and corruption.

13. Your good deeds, endurance, and sacrifices inspire those around you. Continue to educate, alleviate pain, and instil hope. The people are not as bad as they seem; many are ignorant or traumatised.

14. Mass education, not violence or migration, is the answer. Enlightenment will help people learn from the tragedies of war-torn regions.

15.No matter how far you run, home will always call you back. The time to act is now!

Amara Sesay wrote via amarasesay.amir@gmail.com.