Education

By: Ibrahim Suleiman Ibrahim

In today’s consistently evolving digital world, the pursuit of digital/ICT skills has become increasingly important for individuals and communities alike. This is particularly relevant for Muslim women, who often face unique challenges in balancing their religious and family values with their career choices, hence, making them to be left behind in the digital landscape.

In this article, we will explore the importance of creating awareness among Muslim communities about the need for Muslim women, especially the married ones, to pursue digital/ICT skills.

One of the primary concerns of Muslim women is the compatibility of their careers with their religious values and family life. Most jobs in our contemporary secular societies often raise ‘Sharee’ah’ concerns—which mostly revolve around free mixing and intimacy with ‘non-mahrams’, prolonged unavailability in their matrimonial homes that often impede performance of domestic responsibilities, compromising the Islamically mandated mode of dressing for Muslim women, and so on, making it challenging for some educated Muslim women to identify fulfilling careers that align with their religious values and beliefs.

God so kind, the recent advancements in the ICT sector has now alternatively offered a wealth of opportunities for Muslim women to pursue careers that are both fulfilling and compatible with their ‘Deen’ and family life, but unfortunately, most Muslim women lack sufficient awareness of those opportunities.

It is quite essential for Islamic scholars and Muslim elites to be aware of the recent advancements in the ICT sector and to consider enlightening their communities about the potential benefits of digital/ICT skills for Muslim women. By promoting awareness and understanding, these leaders can help Muslim women make informed decisions about their careers and contribute to the overall empowerment of the community, without compromising their religious values and beliefs.

Importantly, pursuing digital/ICT skills can also lead to remote job opportunities that offer flexibility and work-life balance. These jobs allow women to work from their homes, enabling them to demonstrate their supportive roles in their marriages, while still advancing their careers. Some of the skills that can lead to remote job opportunities include web development, copywriting, social media management, digital marketing, graphic designs, virtual administration, data analytics and so on.

Furthermore, encouraging Muslim women to pursue digital/ICT skills can lead to greater empowerment and intellectual development. By acquiring these skills, Muslim women can supportively contribute to their families’ finances and also become more intellectually sound, which is in line with the principles of Islam that promote the pursuit of knowledge.

In conclusion, we are in an interconnected world where digital skills are increasingly relevant across all sectors. Muslim women lawfully deserve to be equiped with these skills so they can also participate more actively in the global economy and contribute to the advancement of their communities, within the limits of Sharee’ah.

There may be misconceptions within Muslim communities about the compatibility of digital/ICT careers with Islamic principles. However, creating awareness can help address these misconceptions and demonstrate how these skills can be utilized in ways that are consistent with religious values.

It’s therefore crucial for community leaders, including Islamic scholars and Muslim elites, to actively promote the value of digital/ICT skills for Muslim women. Their support and endorsement can greatly influence the attitudes and decisions of community members.

Ibrahim Suleiman Ibrahim is a Public Affairs Analyst. He can be reached via: suleimibrahim00@gmail.com

By Wonderful Adegoke

Having recently graduated from Adekunle Ajasin University Ondo State (AAUA) as the best student from the Faculty of Science, Ademujimi Bukola has demonstrated tremendous commitment and perseverance. Despite coming from humble beginnings, the Irele-born Ondo indigenous group has overcome numerous challenges to reach this milestone. From financial hardship to family obligations, she has had to overcome many obstacles to achieve her success.

Persuaded by her parents, Bukola accepted her fate of schooling at Adekunle Ajasin University, though against her initial dream of studying Nursing Science at the University of Port-Harcourt (UNIPORT), which was duly opposed due to the travelling distance.

“Initially, I didn’t plan to study microbiology because it sounded strange throughout my secondary school days. However, my UTME score was enough to study Nursing Science at UNIPORT. I put in for UNIPORT but was compelled to change my Institution to AAUA and pick one of their best courses. As it’s widely believed that microbiology and biochemistry are the best science courses in AAUA,” Bukola revealed.

Born into a Christian family without a silver spoon, Hers was a Grass to Grace story, as she wasn’t relieved of support from her happy and supportive family. Over time, her love for microbiology rekindled.

Beaming with smiles, the graduand with a CGPA of 4.84, coupled with an aesthetic feeling, described hers as ‘Joy at last’. “It wasn’t actually easy,” she recalled.

Recalling her 100-level days with a cumulative GPA of 4.56 was enough to gear her. She proposed to keep the energy rolling. “Though, I didn’t want to choose microbiology. I believe that whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.  I had initially worked towards a 4.0 when I discovered my roommate was on a 3.9 scale. But, I was motivated when our 100-level first semester results were released, and I was on a 4.56 scale. After getting Cs in two courses during my early days in AAUA, I promised never to get a C. My background inclusive motivated me to study hard,”  she added.

Despite facing financial challenges, she wasn’t deterred, as this ignited her resilience for greater inputs.

“Mine was a sweet, sad experience. It was so challenging. I lived on #500 for a week several times,” Bukola recounted.

An ardent believer in hard work, her inputs weren’t relinquished by strict policies – the marking scheme of lecturers inclusive, as acclaimed by several students.

“I study when it’s convenient for me. As soon as I get the course outline, I study it and do my research. Previous readings helped me a lot. I don’t wait until a test or exam is coming up – by Saturday, I make sure I’ve gone over all the material we covered during the week so I’m prepared for any impromptu test. I made friends with like-minded colleagues. I belong to a group widely recognised in the department – ‘Emerging scholars’. We, the group members, share knowledge, teaching and coaching ourselves. Though I’m not social, I got involved in spiritual activities.

I am competitive by nature. Before each class, I ask my senior classmates about our lecturers. We’re fortunate to have some of the best lecturers in our department. I study each lecturer, learn their quirks and habits, and tailor my approach to match their preferences. During exams, I choose the most comprehensive questions, as I believe this is the best way to demonstrate my understanding of the material. I strive for perfection, and ‘A’ is my goal. A grade of ‘C’ is unacceptable to me – it’s the same as failing a course. In my first semester of 100-level, I got a ‘C’ in a course, and in SIWES 308, my second semester of 300-level. While I protested, the university was unresponsive,” she said.

She doubled as the best in Microbiology in the 2020/2021 academic session and elucidated winning strategies for students aspiring to such feats.

“Trust God, know yourself and study your lecturers. Ask questions from like-minded senior colleagues. You can do more than anyone has ever done,” she advised.

Bukola, the prodigious microbiologist, isn’t only committed to impact through the knowledge gained within the four campus walls. She’s also committed to ensuring gender equality in her future endeavours.

“Though, I’ve been given a lecturing offer. I’ll use this to impact society with the knowledge gained. I intend to also specialise in food and industries, an aspect of microbiology. I equally intend to establish a non-governmental organisation (Equicare foundation) that’ll impact the society, specifically 100 and 200-level students,” she concluded.

Wonderful Adegoke wrote via wonderadegoke@gmail.com.

By Mujahid Ameen Lilo

‘Please go in and see the magic I’d pulled off,’ Maryam Batool, the young Creative Director of Kabara Kreatives, said to me by way of welcome to Artistic Rendezvous, an exhibition she curated.

Her voice was cheerful but her smile was slightly exhausted. ‘Of course . I expected no less.’ I said and got ushered into the galleries. Indeed it was magic. From the very first gallery, my breath was taken away by these wonders of human minds, the best of human creativity hanging on walls, breathing shades of perspectives and aesthetics of the highest standards possible.

When the Italians and English were having their Renaissance as far back as the 14th century, such beauty was the reason they exalted the imaginations of mere mortals to the high heavens. I joined the pool of arts enthusiasts who had gathered at No. 7, Sokoto Road that Saturday with a clement January weather. We swooned and wowed and snapped pictures.

Sculptures, paintings, calligraphy, dye and textiles and other artworks were on display to the delight of students, observers, writers and culture critics. There was a stall too for art related souvenirs. One thing I noticed was that many people there were attending an exhibition on this bigger scale for the first time in Kano state.

Aside from a couple of galleries put of as side attractions at other events like art festivals, this was to be the first exhibition to give people an enriching, fuller artful experience. Most of the visual artists were live at the galleries. This shows that Kabara Kreatives has joined the Arewa Renaissance that we’re lucky to be part of and which my generation seem to be the vanguards of.

It was the season of firsts in Arewa, northern Nigeria which had hitherto been stagnant compared to other parts of the country in the cultural landscape. The first Hausa movie to premier on Netflix. For the first time a literary event on the scale of a festival was hosted in Kano ( HIBAF ’23). The first Kannywood actor to head The Nigerian Film Cooperation. The first edition of Storytelling Festival just held in Bayero University.

When viewed in light of the institutional discouragement and lack of government support in addition to a populace that’s equally nonchalant towards the arts, only then can one appreciate the efforts of the young people who on many fonts are impacting and reshaping the culture.

According to Professor Tanure Ojaide, ‘culture is the ornamentation of humanity, it’s a form of adornment to humanity.’ The culture of a people gives grounding to an artistic creation with its aesthetics. In that sense, considering the rich cultural heritage of northern Nigeria, it shouldn’t be surprising that its artist are making magic, with the promise to compete globally.

There are many arts collectives, initiatives, associations sprouting in the North but most of them are focusing on the non-visual arts like poetry and storytelling. Kabara Kreatives is changing the narrative by coming full force to give a semblance of balance in the ongoing Renaissance, giving prominence to visual arts.

Kabara Community Development Iniative (KCDI) was founded in 2016 with focus on improving the lives of Northern youths and women. Kabara Kreative is a subsidiary, an arts collective.

In her welcome address, Maryam Batool said the collective is an NGO dedicated to unleashing the talents of artist from northern Nigeria and promoting them by giving them platforms where they can create, connect, share and grow. ‘Our mission is to train artists and create opportunities for them to thrive in the national and international art community, ‘ she said.

Since their founding they have organized mini solo and group exhibitions and last year they partnered with Hausa International Book and Arts Festival to host a stories exchange with Narrative 4. She announced that workshops, more exhibitions, festivals, online events and other exciting events are underway.

The most heartwarming news though, was the news that a permanent gallery, The Kabara Gallery, had been set up. Batool is one of many young people raising the bar in their spaces by showing dedication and red-hot passion, be it in the developmental space ( Adamu Usman Garko with OKDI in Gombe & Yahaya with his activism to mention but a few), the literary landscape ( Summaya Jae in her capacity as Creative Director of Open Arts and the young chaps at Hilltop Creative Arts Foundation in Minna and other state chapters).

The 22- year old graduate of Library Science is a curator, writer and filmmaker. She has directed short films, sparked important conversations on gender and social justice. A force to reckon with, she remains committed to doing what she loves best. When Maryam joined KCDI last year, it was as creative director of the collective.

The initiative was obscure no doubt but the vibrant director has brought a new lease of life to it. As such, she embodies all that’s good about the vibrancy and passion of Nigerian youths. She’d been up and about, knocking on doors, meeting people and talking to artists. She’d visited the newly appointed Director, National Troupe of Nigeria, Hajiya Kaltume B. Gana. The director welcomed Batool with opened arms and commended her zeal and work.

In my interview with her after the exhibition, she talked about some of the challenges she was was experiencing as the director of the arts collective. From some stakeholders who were gatekeeping her, to artist themselves who were reluctant or nonchalant to such opportunities offered by Kabara and the media that’s not promoting such ventures.

After her opening address, an art historian was invited and he gave an overview of art in Kano, the history, challenges, prospects and social uses. An open mic session followed where poems and spoken word pieces were performed to the audience who were snacking on samosa.

The crowning moment of the session was a musical performance by the fast-rising musical artist and screenwriter, Idris Yusuf, better know by his stage name, Decypher. The late afternoon breeze carried his voice crooning from the speakers to soothe hearts and souls.

A tour to the gallery led by the artist was next. It was exiting to see the artists talking about their artworks, shedding lights on their creative process and artistic vision. My personal favourite was an artwork by the self taught artist Rayyana. I can’t remember the title but it’s the map of Africa made with charcoal over beautiful patterns. Rayyana informed me that she intended to do another art work of Nigerian map.

Worthy of mention is the Durbar, a painting that uses acrylic on canvas to show horsemen riding out of Gidan Rumfa, the Kano palace. The texture of the textile art was tender and quite brilliant. The landscape paintings were simply mesmerising. Overall, it was an aura of beauty and sophistication. I spoke with a few of the artists. Their enthusiasm and joy for the promises Kabara offered was evident. One artist, Muhammad Sanusi told me this exhibition was unique in many ways and that it’s nothing like what he’d been at previously. ‘Every exhibition I attended I just had to squat, but this is the first to give me enough space to display my work, ‘ the young artist said.

Maryam Mahmoud, another artist whose paintings were exhibited as well said she was grateful for the opportunity Kabara gives to artists. ‘And for art enthusiasts to feast their eyes on the beauty and serenity that art offers, especially here in Kano. I look forward to more of such events from them,’ she added. For Rayyana Beita, it’s the opportunity to connect with her audience and interact with other artists that she commended.

In the final analysis, this was a successful outing and one can not but hope to see what the future holds for this ambitious arts collective. The first writers’ residency in Northern Nigeria is being built by Hilltop Arts Foundation in Minna, and with Kabara Kreatives we have hopes of seeing the first artists’ residency in Kano and indeed the north at large.

Mujahid Ameen Lilo is the assistant editor of ABU Creative Writers’ Club. He’s a fellow of the Wole Soyinka International Cultural Exchange Program 2019 and Ebedi International Writers Residency 2023.

By Sabiu Abdullahi 

The British Council in Nigeria has thrown test-takers for a loop, announcing a 29% increase in the fees for the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) exam, effective February 1, 2024. 

This marks the second price hike in just five months. In September 2023, the fee jumped from N80,000–N90,000 to N107,500.

Now, applicants will have to shell out a whopping N139,000 for the Computer Academic and General Training Modules. 

The Council attributes the latest increase to “increased costs of the delivery of our exams,” claiming it will enable them to “continue to offer a wide range of services and comprehensive support.”

However, this explanation has met with widespread skepticism and frustration among potential test-takers in Nigeria. 

Many Nigerians rely on the IELTS exam for studying abroad, immigration purposes, and professional opportunities.

This repeated hike makes the test increasingly inaccessible to a large portion of the population, especially considering the current economic climate. 

The news has sparked heated debates online and offline, with concerns that the price surge could create unnecessary barriers and hinder educational and professional mobility for Nigerians.

Some are calling for “greater transparency from the British Council” regarding the specific cost factors driving the increases, while others are urging the body to “consider alternative solutions” to ensure affordability without compromising quality. 

With no word on potential future increases, the rising IELTS fee adds yet another layer of anxiety for Nigerians aiming to pursue international opportunities.

It remains to be seen whether the British Council will address the concerns of its Nigerian clientele or face continued backlash for its pricing decisions.

By Muhammad Sulaiman Abdullahi

The Bola Ahmed Tinubu-led government’s effort to forcibly uplift and upgrade Lagos State shouldn’t surprise anyone who knew or read about Nigeria’s history. The military initiated the idea of the creation of Abuja as the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria in the late 20th century, precisely in the late 70th. The idea was well thought out, well planned and well executed in good faith by successive military governments. 

The actualisation of Abuja as the capital city of the federation was one of the few tasks inherited and continued by more than one regime of governance. A Wikipedia article says that; “it is a planned city built mainly in the 1980s based on a master plan by International Planning Associates (IPA), a consortium of three American planning and architecture firms made up of Wallace, Roberts, McHarg & Todd (WRMT – a group of architects) as the lead, Archi systems International (a subsidiary of the Howard Hughes Corporation), and Planning Research Corporation. The Central Business District of Abuja was designed by Japanese architect Kenzo Tange. It replaced Lagos, the country’s most populous city, as the capital on 12 December 1991.”

It is one of the fastest-growing cities in the whole world, not only in Nigeria or in Africa. “According to the United Nations, Abuja grew by 139.7% between 2000 and 2010, making it the fastest-growing city in the world. As of 2015, the city is experiencing an annual growth of at least 35%, retaining its position as the fastest-growing city on the African continent and one of the fastest-growing in the world.” This is Abuja for you. 

Everything about Abuja was well-planned by intellectuals of repute in the world. Its strategic location, terrain, weather and, above all, compatibility to all, comfort and suitability as the capital city of this complex combination. There are so many planned cities in the world, and they are done for a purpose. Right from the beginning of the amalgamation, those who perpetrated it had known that it would be so complex to manage. They, therefore, according to their expectation, helped in realising where the leadership would be easier for all. Thus, the idea behind the planned city of Abuja. And this shows how disciplined and committed the military were to the general development and progress of the country. If it were these set of politicians of today, such a momentous task would never be accomplished.

History recorded that the Yorubas vehemently rejected the idea of Abuja’s formation. The “biggest” opposition to the formation of Abuja was the then Yoruba chieftain and presidential candidate, Chief Obafemi Awolowo. Awo pledged and promised to his people that if elected, he would hire the American Walf Disney Corporation – an American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, to convert the current site of Abuja into an amusement park. Perhaps Chief Awo’s dream is quickly becoming a reality under Tinubu’s administration.

Awo lost the election, and it was reported that one of the first works of Alhaji Shehu Shagari, when he assumed power, was to accelerate and lay the foundation of Abuja and push for its early completion. Successive governments took over from him, and the trend continues until these days when we see the reversal in quick gears.

I contested the supremacy of Lagos over Kano a long time ago, but later, when I visited the state in 2013, I concurred and agreed that Lagos state is so blessed and looks like other well-developed foreign cities, if not because of the roughness and ruggedness of some its people. The state is both naturally and artificially endowed. Its intellectuals also support it at the expense of all others. They are the kind of people who love themselves more than anyone else. We started seeing the manifestation of this love so early in this Tinubu-led government.

It is undoubtedly clear to anyone who pokes his nose into Nigeria’s issues that Lagos is by far more prosperous than all the 36 federation states combined. You may not be wrong if you call Lagos a country of its own. That’s why I find it weird when public structures are shamelessly moved to Lagos in the name of convenience, proximity and all other silly excuses. These flimsy excuses can look strong from the surface, but some hidden weaknesses may be uncovered after a deep X-ray.

I once asked a knowledgeable friend about the issue of population between Kano and Lagos. Those who promote Lagos promote it even where others are better. Almost all the time, I see conflicting and contradictory reports on the issue of population. He explained to me in layman’s language that Kano is the most populous city in Nigeria, and there is no doubt about this. But Kano’s population is a dispersed population while that of Lagos is the most densely populated city in Nigeria. 

Then, in the actual number of people living in the two states combined together, Kano is the most populous state in Nigeria. Even this, many people do not care to know. Back to the Federal Republic of Lagosia! The state has been leading in terms of infrastructural development, IGR, investment, inventions, entrepreneurship, companies and all that the world counts as the indices of development. This, no one can deny. Maybe Kano can only be ahead of Lagos in terms of decorum, legitimate earnings and legal dealings. But Kano, being the Centre of commerce, has for long been hijacked by many powers beyond an ordinary imagination to comprehend.

Recently, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has been reported to have moved some of its key departments to Lagos. Why? It was said that close to 60 per cent of Nigeria’s wealth revolves around Lagos state only. Then, why should CBN sit far away from the Center of money? In this respect, one should salute the courage and foresight of CBN to relocate. Those of you shouting, what do you bring to the CBN’s table to make the CBN move the headquarters to your state? 

FAAN also moved its key offices and officers and even issued a statement that they have done so for the good of the country. It was said that the former aviation minister, Hadi Sirika, was the one who forced them to be in Abuja. 

In the statement issued by FAAN, its PRO Obiageli, it is said that they don’t have enough space/offices to accommodate their personnel in Abuja. Whether this is true or false should not matter, as truth is so expensive in Nigeria, and lies are so cheap. Whatever may happen, they moved out, pending when there would be enough space for them. They would form a committee to start looking for whether they could move back to Abuja. But one important thing that Obiageli mentioned was the issue of 60% of Nigeria’s flights hovering around Lagos. This singular statement is heavier than all the other flimsy and silly excuses given. This holds water!

Abuja was not ordinarily built without any thinking. It was strategically chosen, located and designed. Abuja was one of the purposely well-planned cities in Africa, as explained. It was designed to be in the centre to ease everything for everyone. When it was established, as is the norm, many companies, government agencies, embassies, foreign establishments and above all, the seat of the government were all transferred to the location. This is how Abuja was made.

Today, under the Asiwaju’s government, silly excuses are forwarded, and some government agencies headed by Yorubas are taken back to Abuja without even consulting the two houses of assemblies. I thought such a decision must be backed by law. They should first take the issue to the National Assembly for consent. But even the movement is systematic. They started by saying we are moving “some offices”, maybe to outsmart Nigerians. Many other movements might have been shrouded in secrecy.

The preferential treatment given to Lagos state sends terrible signals to the remaining states. Yes, Lagos generates revenue, but don’t forget that many of Nigeria’s population resides in the North. Lagos is made to be a necessary location for all Northerners or their goods to pass through. To compound issues and systematically actualise this, the Northern land borders are shut. Therefore, everyone is systematically forced to carry his fate, money and energy to Lagos. The import and export solely rely on Lagos. Why all this centralisation? Something is fishy here. Are Yoruba’s up to something? Only time will tell.

Lagos state is rich enough to have its own Central Bank. It shouldn’t take everything away from the rest of Nigerians with the support of the president. Already through the shrewdness of its technocrats, more than half of what is supposed to be shared by all Nigerians is given to her alone, in the name of its ports and other cover-ups. If we go by the statement of proximity and suitability as issued by FAAN and CBN, then the Ministry of Defense should be relocated to Zamfara or Borno, NNPC to Rivers or Bayelsa, Mining and Solid Minerals to Zamfara, Borno or Yobe, among many others. 

Let Abuja be either disbanded for all Nigerians to take their share or be retained as it is. Developmental projects should be distributed evenly throughout the country. You have already forced so much of Lagos on all at the expense of all. Lagos has snatched away the lion’s share of the country’s earnings, and no one says anything. It is another country in Nigeria, so everything about her is different. The train, the power, the companies, and now Nigeria’s CBN, FAAN, among many others. Haba! Why all these? A stitch in time…

By Lawan Bukar Maigana

Unlike many other secondary school graduates who made their course choices based on advice received at a cafe during their JAMB/UTME registration, my decision-making process was different. I had clear aspirations when I graduated from secondary school, and nobody influenced my choices. I had always had a strong desire to pursue a career as a psychologist working in a psychiatric setting or as an outstanding journalist.

Unfortunately, the University of Maiduguri did not offer a psychology department, and financial constraints added to the challenges. Consequently, I chose Sociology and Anthropology as my first choice and Mass Communication as my second during my application years ago. However, I didn’t meet the cut-off mark for admission into Unimaid, and this setback led me to pursue Social Work at Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri, where I completed my studies and graduated.

I found my time at the Polytechnic remarkably enjoyable because my lecturers and colleagues treated me exceptionally well, acknowledging my dedication to academic excellence by generously supporting me financially. My commitment to attending lectures, meeting assignment deadlines, delivering presentations, and thoroughly exploring course materials earned me this recognition.

However, a year later, I deliberately chose to apply for Mass Communication at Unimaid instead of opting for Sociology and Anthropology, despite numerous suggestions to pursue the latter—a field closely related to Social Work. I respectfully declined these recommendations because I sought a more demanding course to equip me with the necessary skills to achieve my desired career path. This decision was endorsed and validated by one of my senior colleagues who had recently completed his Ph.D. program.

Dr. Ibrahim Uba Yusuf, a lecturer at the Department of Mass Communication, University of Maiduguri, catalysed my decision to pursue Mass Communication. His words, “You have the qualities to excel in gaining admission and thriving in Mass Communication. Your aggressive commitment to excellence, despite facing challenges, speaks volumes about your potential.” 

His encouragement didn’t stop there; he cautioned me, “However, be aware that studying Mass Communication requires substantial financial investment. There will be numerous assignments that may strain your finances, potentially burdening both you and your father.” His guidance was pivotal in my choice to apply for Mass Communication through Direct Entry (DE).

Dr. Muhsin Ibrahim, a lecturer at the University of Cologne in Germany, recounted an incident where a young girl chose to pursue microbiology in her UTME without much understanding of the field. She revealed that she was advised at an internet café while registering for the university entrance exam, leading her to select a course she had little knowledge about—an astonishing decision made on a whim.

In reflecting on this, Dr Ibrahim unveiled a broader issue: the lack of proper counselling for many young people, particularly girls, when making important educational and career decisions. While some are enthusiastic about pursuing education, others may prioritise marriage. However, those with academic aspirations often lack guidance and support, sometimes falling prey to ill-informed advice. This can lead to unfortunate outcomes.

He emphasised the urgent need for parents, relatives, and especially older siblings, to actively engage with and support younger family members in understanding their aspirations and navigating life’s challenges. Dr. Ibrahim pointed out the common failure among brothers to have meaningful conversations with their sisters about their dreams and difficulties.

He concluded by urging immediate action, stressing that it’s never too late to start engaging with and guiding our children and younger siblings regarding their career choices after completing secondary school.

Lawan Bukar Miagana writes from Borno and can be reached via email: lawanbukarmaigana@gmail.com.

By Ismail Ismail Tijjani

Large Language model (LLM) is a subset of Generative AI that focuses on generating human-like text based on the input it receives. Evidence shows how good it is in generating creative text formats, like poems, code, scripts, musical pieces, emails, letters, etc. Chatgpt plays a significant role in bringing LLMs to wider public attention, though it wasn’t the first one. I will use Chatgpt throughout this article because of its popularity, though there are other popular ones like Gemini, Bard.AI, LaMDA and much more.

Let me provide a very simple description of how ChatGPT works. Just imagine you enter a library and ask the librarian a question. The librarian will first try to understand your question and then scan the shelves, looking for books they think might contain your specific answer. Using their records and expertise, they connect related stories from different books and give you the best possible answer. This is what ChatGPT does in a few seconds.

ChatGPT underwent training using an extensive and diverse internet dataset, which covered a wide spectrum of content ranging from different subjects, styles, and perspectives. Its core skill lies in tranformer architecture, a neural network which is primarily designed for language processing to encode an input text, analyze its structure and meaning, and decode it to produce an output by predicting the most likely next word in a sequence.

Certainly, the introduction of new technologies often sparks heated debates. Critics often strive to oppose and even reverse these advancements. However, their efforts typically falter in the end. Some critics may genuinely misunderstand the technology, while others, perhaps a majority, are driven by the pursuit of publicity rather than accurate assessment.

ChatGPT wasn’t an exception. When it was launched in October 2022, some people argued that it would make students lazy, lead to job loss for editors, result in high plagiarism, breach copyrights, steal people’s data, exhibit sentiment, intentional bias, spread disinformation, create deep fakes, and much more. We will discuss some of these concerns below. Some of the allegations are true and have already been addressed, while others are false.

ChatGPT lacks the ability to discern whether information is biased, disinformation or false. It operates based on its programmed structure and produces results accordingly. OpenAI, the creator of ChatGPT, has taken measures to enhance the model. Although the technical details haven’t been disclosed, it likely involves implementing guardrails and filtering mechanisms to address accusations of misinformation, bias, falsehood and more.

For students and researchers, ChatGPT will serve just like an advanced internet search engine that will generate output after going into multiple webpages, saving time and stress hopping between sites. It will in no way make students lazy, However, some concerns related to students’ use will be discussed in a later article.

Its ability to remember previous prompts, though impressive, doesn’t imply sentience. It’s merely a clever technique within its architecture. This raises separate questions about the path to achieving true artificial general intelligence (AGI), discussed in my previous article. It is only a technique in tranformer that makes it capture it.

The impact of ChatGPT on jobs is a complex and nuanced issue with both potential downsides and upsides. While some job losses are inevitable, they will likely be offset by the creation of new ones. Adapting to this changing landscape through education, reskilling and responsible policymaking is key to ensuring a future where AI benefits everyone.

Despite the evident improvements seen since ChatGPT’s initial release, OpenAI must continue to dedicate significant resources to refining its model. This is crucial not only to mitigate legal risks but also to enhance its accuracy and reliability for responsible public use. While striving for absolute perfection is unrealistic, reaching a consistently high level of trustworthiness should be a priority. Additionally, users must be mindful of the model’s limitations and exercise critical judgment, fact-checking, and verification before relying on its output.

AI is here for good. Innovation often sparks a variety of perspectives, and AI is not an exception. Some people believe that AI has the potential to solve some of the world’s most pressing problems, such as poverty, hunger, climate change, corruption and disease. Others are concerned about the potential for misuse, such as the development of autonomous weapons systems or the use of AI to manipulate people.

AI is not like any other innovation we have seen before in the history of humankind. It is among the most powerful of all, and it is likely to be among the last innovation that we ever need.

AI is already making significant positive impacts in various industries, such as healthcare, finance, retail, manufacturing and many others. Of course, like any industry, there may be individuals with malicious intent in the AI sector who are willing to exploit it for negative purposes. For example, I recently came across a women-uncovering app with high precision that raised concerns. However, the actions of these individuals should not lead to the shutdown of the entire industry.

We don’t shut down the arms and weapons industry because of terrorists, the financial industry because of fraud, the biotechnology industry because of bioweapons or social media because of misinformation and hate speech. Instead, we regulate them by establishing governing bodies to oversee their operations and foster collaboration between top companies, stakeholders, researchers and the government to develop effective solutions. This approach will also be applied to AI.

Our primary focus should be on humanity. It is crucial for everyone to actively participate and collaborate in order to develop effective solutions that will propel us and the industry forward as a unified whole.

Path to Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) 1: the year 2023 stood out as an exceptional period in the AI industry, marking a significant moment when the masses truly connect with the essence of AI.

AI has been around for years, primarily utilized in backend functions like relevance ranking, personalization, spam detection, and more. ChatGPT was the remarkable innovation that astonished the world, revealing the true potential of AI. While it may not have surprised researchers who had already witnessed AI capabilities in the lab, its impact on a broader audience is undeniable to the extent that many non technical individuals use the words AI and ChatGPT interchangeably, thinking its same thing.

Other notable innovations in 2023 include Hugging Face, Google Bard, Capcutand many others, all these are great innovations we have seen in 2023.

Are these innovations clearing a path to Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), which informally means machines reaching human-level intelligence? This question remains unclear to researchers, as there are two camps with differing opinions on the matter. Some believe AGI is imminent, while others hold a more skeptical view.

Yann LeCun the chief AI scientist in Meta is among those with skeptical perspective, he believes that Language models like ChatGPT that people are using as an evidence that AGI is imminent are not as smart as a cat which is the truth and believes it will happen in decades or even a century — a point of view that I share.

For machines to achieve true intelligence, they must possess both cognitive and metacognitive abilities. While significant advancements have been made in cognitive AI, bridging the gap to metacognitive intelligence remains the key barrier. Researchers are diligently seeking solutions to overcome this challenge. For machines to be metacognitive intelligent, which necessitates the ability to sense the environment and effectively process and interpret sensory signals. Our discussion was focused on the process of it being intelligent alone, not as intelligent as a human being, which is the AGI. This clearly shows that we are nowhere near AGI.

The timeline of AGI is not only a matter of time but rather depends on the speedy research and innovation advancement. Improvement in advanced neural networks, symbolic reasoning, embodied cognition, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning will make a great impact in clearing the path to AGI.

The path to AGI is not a solitary trek for AI researchers. It demands a symphony of minds, where scientists, physiologists, engineers and other researchers from diverse fields join hands in a grand collaborative effort. Only through their combined expertise and tireless dedication can we hope to unlock the secrets of true machine intelligence.

By Ahmad Deedat Zakari

The Nigerian Police Force in Bauchi State have arrested a student for illegal possession of a gun.

The accused, whose identity is sketchy as at the time of writing this report, is believed to be a 400-level student of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi.

Police spokesman in the state, SP Ahmed Wakil, stated in Bauchi on Wednesday that the suspect was arrested on Saturday following a tip-off by a vigilance group.

Wakil added that the suspect had already admitted to the offence and claimed that the weapons belonged to another person previously arrested for possession of a locally made pistol in 2021.

The accused is the second student to be caught with a gun in a space of one month in the university. In December 2023, a student identified as Atim Emmanuel, was arrested for owning a revolver pistol and a cartridge.

By Abubakar Umar Gbs

One of the primary challenges students face is the lack of institutional email addresses provided by universities. This seemingly minor oversight has far-reaching consequences, particularly in academic publishing. Platforms like Google Scholar and ResearchGate have become indispensable for scholars worldwide, providing a space to share and access valuable research. However, many Nigerian students are excluded from this global academic dialogue due to the absence of institute-issued email addresses.

In an era where collaboration and knowledge exchange transcend geographical boundaries, the inability to access such platforms places Nigerian students at a significant disadvantage. The academic community is a vast network where ideas are exchanged, collaborations are forged, and research is disseminated. By not providing students with the necessary tools to participate in this global discourse, we are inadvertently stifling their academic growth and limiting the potential impact of Nigerian research on the international stage.

Institute-issued email addresses are not merely a formality but a gateway to a wealth of academic resources. These email addresses authenticate the identity of students, ensuring the credibility of their work on platforms that demand institutional affiliation. Moreover, they foster a sense of pride and belonging among students as they become official representatives of their institutions on the global academic stage.

I urge Nigerian universities to recognise the significance of this issue and take proactive measures to address it. By issuing academic email addresses to students, we empower them to contribute meaningfully to the global academic community. This simple yet impactful step will bridge the gap between Nigerian students and the wealth of opportunities platforms like Google Scholar and ResearchGate offer.

In conclusion, providing institute-issued email addresses to students is not just a matter of convenience but a crucial step towards fostering a culture of academic excellence and global collaboration. By highlighting this issue, we can collectively work towards creating an environment where Nigerian students can fully realise their academic potential and make meaningful contributions to the global research landscape.

Abubakar Umar Gbs wrote via abubakargbs@gmail.com.

By Ismaila Academician

People often frown at the content generated using AI. And I believe there is another set of people who copy and paste content generated by AI without any consideration or editing. Perhaps, the former group relies on the latter to pass their judgment. But I think both groups misuse and misunderstand the idea, they misuse AI and pass their opinions subjectively. Both fail to understand that AI is here not to do the actual work but to help us do it better.

Literally, intelligence refers to the capacity to understand principles, facts or meanings and apply it to practice. On the other hand, artificial implies something not natural to the human world, and not normal to certain principles or conditions. Put the two together you will have a complete clear picture of what AI is.

As a domain, Artificial Intelligence or AI, is a branch of computer science that aims to create machines capable of “thinking” and “acting” intelligently, much like humans. This could encompass various forms of intelligence, such as linguistic, biological and mathematical intelligence.

AI is a byproduct of human intelligence. It’s a human construct with limited and subjective experiences. It’s like a mirror reflecting our cognitive abilities. AI’s intelligence, designed to mimic our thought processes and actions, is a derivative of human intelligence. AI is currently available in various forms. The one we are most familiar with is ChatGPT. There are also thousands of machines in numerous industries doing remarkable jobs.

One of the key differences between AI and humans is predictability. AI is predictable as it operates based on pre-defined patterns subject to human manipulation. In contrast, we humans are unpredictable. We’re capable of creativity and spontaneity. We assume personality traits and express emotions. Human power is inimitable!

For instance, AI can recognise images of a cat but can never “feel or understand” what a cat is in reality because it doesn’t possess a mind of its own. AI can tell you the weather condition of your location, whether it’s cold, hot, sunny, hazy or raining without feeling any. It does not have feelings but can express them.

However, another striking difference between AI and humans is ‘Consciousness’. AI can neither assume nor replicate human consciousness. AI strictly operates based on algorithms designed by humans. The greater the data input the bigger the data output, and vice versa.
There’s a common misconception or fear that AI will replace us and render us jobless. But that’s far from the truth. AI was primarily created to complement our abilities. It’s a tool designed to help us do our jobs more efficiently and effectively, to enhance our skills, and to unearth and explore our hidden talents. AI is NOT here to do the work for us, but rather to teach us how to do the work faster, better and smarter.

Artificial Intelligence is not mere a trend. It’s a constant human companion like dogs and cats that will remain useful and loyal to humans as long as humanity stands. As we steadily navigate through the Digital Age, understanding AI is no longer a choice but a necessity. It’s crucial to know, learn and utilise the power of AI for productivity.

Sometimes, change can be difficult to cope with. But resisting change means missing out the opportunities that come along with it. Instead of viewing AI as a threat, we should embrace it as a tool for improvement, a lifelong companion that’s here to make our lives better.

Embrace AI, embrace the future!

Ismaila Academician can be reached via; 07034413534 or his email: ismailaacademician@gmail.com